Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1"

Insulin treatment often causes the blood glucose levels to fall too low. The body usually responds to low blood glucose levels by releasing hormones which act against the insulin to help correct the low blood glucose levels. However, this hormone response can be altered in people with diabetes. Currently there are no therapeutic agents that can be used to improve the recovery from hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). The aim of this study is to determine whether a formoterol inhaler can be used to improve and accelerate the recovery from hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.

High variability of blood sugar levels and high incidence of night-time hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) in young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) make achieving the treatment goals in this population extremely challenging. Our ongoing research focuses on the development of a closed-loop glucose control in children and adolescents with T1D. The three components of the closed-loop system are a continuous glucose monitor, an insulin pump, and a computer-based algorithm. The studies performed thus far evaluated the efficacy and safety of overnight closed-loop glucose control. The results showed that overnight closed-loop improved control of blood glucose and prevented nocturnal hypoglycaemia, as compared to the conventional insulin pump therapy. The next objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of closed-loop insulin delivery over a prolonged time period, including the daytime, when normal living activities occur. This will pave the way for a more comprehensive use of closed loop systems to control glucose levels in T1D. The present study adopts an open-label, randomised, 2-period cross-over design whereby the safety and efficacy of closed-loop insulin therapy will be compared with the conventional insulin pump therapy in 12 adolescents with T1D. Participants aged 12 to 18 years will be randomised for two 36 hour studies in a clinical research facility, during which glucose levels will be controlled by either the computer-based closed-loop algorithm (intervention arm) or by conventional insulin pump therapy (control arm). During both studies participants will perform normal daily activities, i.e. playing, reading, snacking and physical activity. On both occasions, the Actiheart, a combined heart rate and movement sensor will be used to accurately quantify each subject's individual physical activity energy expenditure during the 36 hour study period and for 36 hours of free living during weekday.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical effects of the investigational drug, SB-509, in subjects with diabetic neuropathy.

The primary objectives are to compare the mean levels of the sleep quality parameters of subjects : with a nocturnal fall of the SBP (Systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure) and MAP (mean arterial pressure) over of egal to 10% (dipping subjects) and of subjects with a nocturnal fall of SBP, DBP and MAP inferior to 10% (non dipper subjects). The secondary objectives are : Establish correlations between: The quality of sleep parameters The parameters of BP variations between the diurnal and nocturnal periods and the awake periods of sleep defined in reference to polysomnography. The glycemia levels on 24h with a glycemic holter. The parameters of the sympathic system activation evaluated in reference to the measure of the baroreflex sensibility during the awake period.

This study aims to test an insulin and glucagon delivery algorithm designed to be used in conjunction with a continuous glucose monitoring system. This combined glucose sensing/hormone delivery approach is a step on the way to eventual development of an artificial (or automated) pancreas. The insulin and glucagon delivery algorithm is based on the difference between the current blood glucose and the target glucose (proportional error) and the rate of change in blood glucose (derivative error), both adjusted for the recent glucose history. This algorithm is called the Fading Memory Proportional-Derivative (FMPD) Algorithm. The principal investigator of this study has published previous research regarding the use of this algorithm and found it to be well-suited to control blood glucose in type 1 diabetic animals. The addition of glucagon was helpful; better glycemic control with fewer glucose excursions were observed when small intermittent infusions of subcutaneous glucagon were given during times of impending low blood sugar (Ward et al. 2008).

We aim to study if the administration of medications to increase the secretion of hormones from the intestines can improve glycemic control, reduce insulin use and promote β-cell regeneration/expansion in subjects with type 1 diabetes following islet transplantation who are back using small doses of insulin because of early graft dysfunction. We believe that the results will enable us to understand whether these drugs could be useful in islet transplant recipients, particularly if glycemic control deteriorates.

We hypothesize that our integrated closed-loop glucose-control system can provide effective, tight, and safe blood glucose (BG) control in type 1 diabetes, thereby establishing the feasibility of closed-loop BG control.

Patients with diabetes have high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) because pancreatic beta-cells no longer produce sufficient insulin. Insufficient beta-cell function can be caused by an autoimmune killing of the beta-cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D), or by poorly understood mechanisms in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) improves function of the insulin-producing beta cells, but GLP-1 has a very short circulating half-life because it is cleaved by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4). One current treatment being used to improve glycemia control in patients with T2D is sitagliptin, an inhibitor of DPP-4. By inhibiting DPP-4, sitagliptin increases GLP-1 levels, resulting in improved beta cell function. Sitagliptin is now being tested in individuals with new-onset T1D to determine whether it may help to preserve beta cell function. Because T1D is a disease in which the immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, we wish to determine if and how sitagliptin alters immune function. Sitagliptin has been shown by Merck to be safe and effective with no overt immuno-toxicities. However, several lines of evidence suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin could be immunomodulatory. This randomized clinical trial will study immune function in healthy volunteers given short-term (4 week) treatment with either sitagliptin or placebo. During the study, we will take blood samples at various time intervals before, during and after treatment. We will compare the immune response with and without sitagliptin treatment using blood samples from healthy individuals. We will measure changes in the magnitude and type of immune responses. The study period is nine weeks. The study s primary outcome will be changes in blood plasma levels of a protein marker associated with decreased inflammation: Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF beta 1). In addition, we plan to use these blood samples to measure sitagliptin s effect on expression levels of several cytokines (immune proteins). We will also measure the level of proliferation in stimulated PBMCs (blood immune cells) and gene expression in whole blood after sitagliptin treatment.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Effect on Post-prandial Glycemia Safety, and Tolerability of Viaject 7 vs. Lispro Insulin during SC Insulin Pump Therapy.

Primary Objective: - To establish initial safety/tolerability and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of four formulations of SAR161271 in patients with T1DM. Secondary Objective: - To establish relative potency of SAR161271 compared with insulin glargine in patients with T1DM