Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of acarbose on intestinal microbiome and incretins, therefore to explore the new pathways or new targets to treat type 2 diabetes.

The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of a computer assisted decision support (CADS)system by primary care providers (PCPs) for their patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) changes the quality of care relative to a "usual care" group in terms of objective outcome measures of glycemic control (e.g., A1C, mean blood glucose, frequency of hypoglycemic episodes) and in terms of subjective ratings by patients.

Animal studies have shown that stimulation of the lingual lipid-receptor, CD 36, is accompanied by the rapid secretion of hormones in the digestive tract (incretines). We aim to determine in healthy humans whether the orosensory perception of fatty acids is followed by a modification in plasma levels of digestive tract hormones (cholecystokinin, GIP, GLP-1, secretin, pancreatic peptide, peptide YY, insulin) and metabolic markers from adipose tissue (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin). We also aim to determine whether the hormonal response induced by orosensory stimulation by lipids is modified: in patients with type 2 diabetes in obese non-diabetic patients We expect to show an increase in biological markers biological, and more particularly in certain digestive hormones such as Pancreatic polypeptide, GIP, GLP-1…after stimulation of the lingual lipid receptor, CD36. We will also determine whether or not this response is modified in patients with type 2 diabetes and in obese non-diabetic patients. We also wish to measure the subjects' gustatory detection threshold for a fatty acid (linoleic acid), and to determine whether there is a relationship between the orosensory perception threshold for linoleic acid and the physiological status of the subjects. In order to achieve this, the thresholds for healthy subjects will be compared with thresholds for obese and diabetic subjects. Expected results: the threshold of detection for linoleic acid in healthy subjects will be lower than that in obese or diabetic patients.

The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of an assisted work process redesign intervention in achieving improved diabetes care in primary care practices. The strategies that we will test represent a novel method for assisting practices in developing the skills to overcome "clinical inertia" and health care system barriers to improved diabetes care by helping them to implement and use a diabetes registry to identify needed clinical or preventive services an opportunities for treatment intensification where appropriate for their patients with diabetes. This is accomplished by helping practices develop methods for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical care processes through integration of a diabetes registry into regular clinical practice. This integration is accomplished through changes in the work processes in the practice setting to ensure that population health tasks (such as outreach to patients who do not attend scheduled chronic care visits and systematic identification for follow up of patients who may not be taking prescribed medication therapies) become a part of the regular work of clinical support staff and other members of the primary care practice team.

This study aims is to evaluate the effect of introducing paired testing on actual testing frequency, glycemic control, psychosocial and behavioural aspects of poorly controlled diabetes patients in China.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the different effects of two DPP-4 inhibitors(Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin)and the insulin secretagogue: glimepiride on first and second phase insulin secretion by using a Biphase-Hyperglycemic Clamp and to explore the different effects of the study drugs on the GLP-1 response, and the glucagon concentration which indicates alpha cell function in healthy subjects.

Chronic disease management programs are shown to reduce mortality, recurrent hospitalizations, and improve indirect societal costs among specific subgroups of the population. INTERxVENT is one such individualized chronic cardiovascular and lifestyle management program, comprised of several individualized modules - diet, exercise, stress management, smoking cessation, chronic disease - prescribed algorithmically according to patient risk profile, environmental surroundings, and behavioural readiness-to-change. Nonrandomized studies assessing INTERxVENT in diabetic, pre-diabetic, and metabolic syndrome populations have demonstrated improvement in several intermediary endpoints, including reductions in fasting glucose, lipids, and blood pressure. However, no randomized controlled clinical trials in these populations have been conducted. This pilot study is a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of INTERxVENT as compared with 'usual medical care' in improving cardiovascular risk-factor profiles among individuals with diabetes. Additionally, the extent to which such findings are generalizable to diabetic, socially vulnerable, populations is unknown, thus this will be examined also.

Incretinbased treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increasing interest. The incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates beta-cells to increased secretion and production of insulin. Glucose sensitivity is enhanced, apoptosis inhibited - progression in disease is potentially stopped. The alpha-cell is also influenced by GLP-1 as infusion lowers plasmaglucose (PG) levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (C-peptide negative) by inhibition of glucagon and thereby decreased hepatic glucoseproduction (HGP). Further Vilsboll et al has proved normalization of the glacgonostatic effect of glucose in patients with T2DM. As an attempt to elucidate glucose-intolerance in patients with T2DM further Knop et al investigated the glucagonresponse to both oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a following iso-glycemic clamp. He saw a sufficient suppression of glucagon when glucose was introduced intravenously but the suppression of glucagon was attenuated and delayed when glucose was given orally. The aim of this study is to elucidate the glucose intolerance further. Due to the complex interactions and mutual feed-back regulation between the pancreatic hormones and the PG level this protocol includes five days. All days include a euglycemic-clamp, patients with T2DM (n=10) are clamped at their fasting PG as are healthy control subjects (n=10). During the clamp either GLP-1 alone; GLP-1 in combination with somatostatin, insulin and glucagon; or somatostatin, insulin and glucagon are infused and blood samples are drawn. The design of the study makes it possible to isolate the effect of each hormone. Further the investigators will be able to enlighten the effect of GLP-1 on the increase in glucose turn-over it induces. The essential part in this design will be hormone concentrations and the response parameter the amount of glucose (AUC) it takes to create the euglycemic-clamp.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether printed educational materials can change physician behaviour towards more evidence based decision-making.

The SUGAR-MGH investigators are studying the influence of inherited gene variants on the response to two commonly prescribed type 2 diabetes medications, metformin and glipizide. They hypothesize that variants in genes that are associated with type 2 diabetes or related traits may impact the effect of anti-diabetic medications. In addition, physiological responses to an insulin secretagogue or an insulin sensitizer may shed light on the mechanism of action of reported genetic associations.