Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus"

This study investigates the safety and combined effect of Cranberry leaves, Cranberry Berries, Alfalfa, Fenugreek, Lemon Beebrush, Urtica, Dog-rose, and Sumac on improving the glycemic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to the placebo group.

Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) have a higher risk of low-trauma (osteoporotic) fracture that is 7-12 times higher than non-diabetics. The bone density of people with Type 1 Diabetes is higher at the time of fracture than in non-diabetics. This suggests the presence of underlying bone tissue mechanical defects. The potential benefits to participants would be knowledge gained about their bone density and the results of laboratory tests. On a wider scale, there may be general benefits to society because the knowledge gained from this study may help better understand the effects of diabetes on bone health

The goal of this observational study is to explore inter- and intra-individual determinants of postprandial glucose response in patients with type 1 diabetes using continous glucose monitoring (CGM). A blood glucose sample will be collected during hospital visit. Participants will be asked to: record a seven-day food diary complete EPIC food frequency questionnaire collect a stool sample.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. The process of autoimmune destruction is identified by circulating islet autoantibodies to beta cell antigens, and is mediated by a lack of immunological self-tolerance. Self-tolerance is achieved by T cell exposure to antigen in the thymus or periphery in a manner that deletes autoreactive effector T cells or induces regulatory T cells. Immunological tolerance can be achieved by administration of antigen under appropriate conditions. Evidence is now emerging in humans that these approaches may be effective in chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and allergy. Administration of oral insulin in multiple islet autoantibody-positive children offers the potential for inducing immunological tolerance to beta cells and thereby protect against further development progression to type 1 diabetes.

Background: - Family and twin studies have suggested that genetic factors influence approximately 50 percent of a person's susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Recently, some of the genes involved in the development of type 2 diabetes have been identified, in large part by genome-wide association studies. Certain risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as obesity and insulin resistance, are highly inheritable, as are diabetic complications such as diabetes-related eye and kidney disorders. However, few genes associated or linked with diabetes risk factors or complications have been conclusively identified, and more research is needed to study specific genetic factors associated with these aspects of diabetes. Objectives: - To identify and characterize genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes, its risk factors, and its complications. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who are not pregnant or nursing mothers at the start of the study. Design: All participants will provide information about family history, ethnicity and ethnic background, occupation, behavioral risk factors, and other data as requested by the researchers. In addition to a general health history, participants will provide specific information about diabetes history, with particular emphasis on date of diagnosis, symptoms, initiation of insulin therapy, complications, and current medications. Testing procedures will be different for individuals with and without diabetes. Those without diabetes will have an oral glucose tolerance test, while those with diabetes will be examined for diabetic complications. Other tests during the study will include the following: Physical examination with measurements of height and weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and other tests for individuals who have been diagnosed with diabetes Glucose tolerance test for those who have not been classified as having diabetes Retinal photographs Electrocardiograms Hepatic Ultrasound Blood and urine tests Depending on the results of the examination and laboratory findings, participants may be asked to return to the clinic for supplemental interviews, physical examinations, or blood tests, or to arrange referrals for medical evaluation and treatment. Participants who have diabetes will be asked to return for yearly follow-up visits. Participants who do not have diabetes at the initial examination will be asked to return for follow-up visits every 2 years.

The Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) is a multicenter study designed to identify genetic determinants of diabetic kidney disease. FIND will be conducted in eleven centers and in many ethnic groups throughout the United States. Two different strategies will be used to localize genes predisposing to kidney disease: a family-based genetic linkage study and a case-control study that utilizes admixture linkage disequilibrium. The center based at the Phoenix office of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK-Phoenix) will conduct family-based linkage studies among American Indian populations in the southwestern United States. Participants (index cases) with diabetes and kidney disease will initially be recruited, and their parents and siblings will also be invited to participate. Genetic material from these participants will be used to genotype markers throughout the genome. Linkage analysis will be conducted to identify particular chromosomal regions containing genes that influence susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease. Linkage analyses will also be used to identify genes influencing traits related to diabetic kidney disease, such as serum creatinine, urinary protein excretion, plasma glucose levels, blood pressure and blood lipid levels. Regions that show evidence for linkage will then be examined in more detail, with both genetic linkage and association studies, to attempt to identify the specific genes that influence diabetic kidney disease, or related traits. The identification of genes that influence susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease will lead to a better understanding of how kidney disease develops. In the long run, this may lead to improved treatment and prevention of diabetic kidney disease....

This trial will investigate whether a powdered fibre mix helps maintain healthy blood glucose levels in participants with pre-diabetes, where high blood sugar is a risk of diabetes.

The main objective of the study is to determine whether fully closed-loop insulin delivery using ultra-rapid acting insulin lispro will improve glucose control compared to standard lispro under conditions mimicking missed meal bolus. Ultra-rapid acting lispro (Lyumjev) is a novel formulation of insulin lispro in which two additional excipients (citrate and trepostinil) have been added, resulting in accelerated initial absorption and more than double the glucose lowering effect in the first 30 minutes after subcutaneous administration using insulin pump. To date, no randomised controlled trial involving fully closed-loop in type 1 diabetes has been performed to evaluate the benefit of Lyumjev over standard lispro. This is an open-label, single-centre, two-period, randomised, crossover study. The study involves two 12-hour in-patient stays at the clinical research facility during which glucose levels will be controlled by the Cambridge closed-loop system with either Lyumjev or standard lispro. Up to 26 adults with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump will be recruited at Manchester Royal Infirmary, aiming for 19 completed participants. During the study days, closed-loop will automatically modulate insulin infusion rate based on real-time glucose sensor measurements. Participants will receive standardised meals with no meal bolus for the lunch time meal during each study day. Primary outcome is the time spent in sensor glucose range (3.9-10.0mmol/l) between 11:00 - 17:00 hrs. Secondary outcomes are the time spent with glucose levels above and below target, and other sensor-based metrics. Safety evaluation comprises assessment of the frequency of hypo and hyperglycaemic episodes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from destruction of insulin producing beta cells by the body's own immune system (autoimmunity) causing an individual to lose the ability to make enough insulin to control their blood sugar levels and need to have insulin injections to lower blood glucose levels. Whilst high blood sugar level is a problem for people with Type 1 diabetes, taking insulin medication to lower sugar levels, delayed meals and exercise can all result in dangerously low blood sugar levels (hypoglycaemia). The biological causes of hypoglycaemia, and ways to prevent it are poorly understood. In non-diabetic individuals, a hormone called glucagon is secreted naturally to raise blood glucose levels but it is unclear why glucagon secretion is impaired during hypoglycaemia in individuals with T1D. The aim of this prospective observational study is to test the relationship between a glucagon stimulation test and risk of hypoglycaemia in T1D. It is hoped this research will establish whether this relationship could be used as a blood test and be a clinically useful biomarker of hypoglycaemia risk and, therefore, directly inform clinical care of people with T1D, particularly those with highest risk of hypoglycaemia. Participants will be asked to complete: a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) at Visit 1 or 2 an Arginine Stimulation Test (AST) at Visit 1 or 2 a Light MMTT or repeat AST at Visit 3 (approx 6-7 months of Visit 1) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and self-reported time spent in hypoglycaemia will be undertaken for 2 weeks following Visits 1 and 3.

The ACHIEVE RCT will measure the effect of the intervention (mHealth app with CGM, provider dashboard, and care team coaching) compared to current standard care (prenatal visits, self-monitored blood glucose, and certified diabetes care and education specialist) on achieving glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c <6.5% in the third trimester). We hypothesize a 25% absolute increase in the proportion of participants in the intervention group who will meet the target hemoglobin A1c <6.5% in the third trimester compared to the standard care group