Active clinical trials for "Diabetic Nephropathies"

Diabetes Mellitus is the most common disorder seen. The impact of this disease on the quality of life, and on morbidity and mortality through the complications that affect the small and large vessels resulting in retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and ischemic heart disease has been emphasized by the findings of the national commission (USA) on diabetes . So, there was curiosity to understand and learn the association of this disorder with another common endocrine gland function that is thyroid gland . The association between these two disorders has long been recognized although the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic population varies widely between studies. With insulin and thyroid hormone being intimately involved in cellular metabolism and thus excess or deficit of these hormones result in functional derangement of the other . Diabetic patients have higher prevalence of thyroid disorder when compared with the normal population. Diabetic women are more frequently affected than men and hypothyroidism is more common than thyrotoxicosis. As Hyperthyroidism impairs glycemic control in diabetic subjects, while hypothyroidism may increase susceptibility to hypoglycemia thus complicating diabetes management so Severe diabetic complications where noted in patients with sub- clinical hypothyroidism . Sub-clinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for development of diabetic nephropathy.

diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end stage renal disease

Determination of the possible causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an atypical presentations of renal disease for proper management and thus improving renal outcome.

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a major microvascular complication of diabetes.Renal injury may be presented with the characteristics of albuminuria, and its main pathological change is glomerular sclerosis. However, both glomerular lesions such as glomerulosclerosis, glomerular basement membrane thickness and tubulointerstitial fibrosis have been found in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin excretion rate, moreover the tubular injury may be the primary pathological change in diabetic renal injury not only the secondary change brought on by glomerular injury. Thus, if overt urinary albumin exists in T2DM patients, the tubular injury may be severe already. An index which is predominant, sensitive and convenient to be measured should be purposed.It is predicted that insufficient renal 1-alpha hydroxylase may play a critical role in diabetic nephropathy. Then the investigators present the presumption that the activity of renal 1-alpha hydroxylase could reflect the degrees of tubulointerstitial injury, using serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level as an index.

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 2 (NOX2, encoded by the CYBB gene) and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) play opposing roles in the balance of cellular redox status. In the present study, we investigated associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions of CYBB and GPX4 with kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to identify unique metabolite signatures associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease in children. We have a sub-study, with the purpose to validate the presence of a genetic marker (DENND1A) in the urine of adolescent females with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

India is the "Diabetes Capital of the World" with 41 million Indians having diabetes, with every fifth diabetic in the world being an Indian and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constitutes the major chunk of diabetes. One of the most severe complications of diabetes is the development of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. There are many identifiable risk factors of diabetic nephropathy like hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and proteinuria, the genetic factor is the main among all. Long-term observational studies show that nearly 30-35% of type 2 diabetic patients develop nephropathy, irrespective of glycemic control. The regional variation in diabetes prevalence and in the proclivity for diabetes induced renal disease; along with reports of familial clustering of nephropathy suggest a possible genetic basis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive renal diseases. In addition, the blockage of angiotensin II with either ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin type-I receptor antagonist has been found to prevent or delay the progression of renal injury associated with diabetes 5 and now these drugs are first-choice drugs for the treatment of diabetic subjects with hypertension. The genes encoding the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), have been reported to be the most probable candidate genes for diabetic nephropathy. As there is no data available for AGTR1 polymorphism and DN in the north Indian T2DM, its out attempt to fill the scientific gap.

Background: - An ongoing study is looking at American Indians who have kidney problems caused by type 2 diabetes. Kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes is a major problem in American Indians. We previously found that early treatment of kidney disease with losartan was probably beneficial for reducing progression of the disease. Researchers now want to see if these benefits continue to be seen several years after the end of the treatment study. Objectives: - To study long-term benefit of losartan treatment for diabetic kidney disease in American Indians with type 2 diabetes. Eligibility: - Participants in the American Indian diabetic kidney disease study (OH95-DK-N037). Design: Participants will have a physical exam and medical history before starting the study. Blood and urine samples will be collected. Participants will have a set of tests as part of this study. Those who have severe kidney problems, such as kidney failure, will only have a basic kidney exam with scans. The remaining participants will have a full urine collection and analysis. They will also provide a kidney biopsy. Treatment will not be provided as part of this study.

To find if there is a corrolatation between Microalbuminurea and diabetic retinopathy, in daibetic patients

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as one of chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Vitamin D deficiency is known as one of DKD risk factors. Recent studies on association between vitamin D deficiency and DKD had shown conflicting results. It may be due to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, which is affected by BsmI, Cdx2, ApaI, FokI, and TaqI gene. The investigators conducted cross-sectional study to investigate association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene with diabetic kidney disease Hypothesis: BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene is associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD)