Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

The balance between immunogenic and tolerogenic activities in human immune system strongly depends on microflora-induced pro-and anti-inflammatory activities. Probiotics are important components of microflora. The interactions of the different strains of probiotics and the cells of immune system are largely unknown. There are many mechanisms by which probiotics enhance intestinal health, including stimulation of immunity, competition for limited nutrients, inhibition of epithelial and mucosal adherence, inhibition of epithelial invasion and production of antimicrobial substances. Fecal immunoglobulin A(IgA), lactoferrin and calprotectin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and compared in different groups. Other clinical symptoms or signs, including fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating abdomen, daily intake and body weight were also assessed. The first aim of our study is to evaluate the role of probiotics and their preparation products on the restoration of intestinal bacterial population. The second aim of our study is determining the immunomodulating effects or anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics on the host (human being). We try to seek to gain an advanced understanding of probiotics versus intestinal microorganism and host interactions, as well as mucosal immune responses to probiotics in the intestine.

A comparison of three medications to treat diarrhea in adults.

Nitazoxanide has proved an cytoprotective effect against rotavirus infection. How it could be clinically important in time of hospitalization and reduction of duration of diarrhea secondary to rotavirus?

This project is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different zinc formulations (dispersible Zinc tablets versus Zinc suspension) for the treatment of acute diarrhea in hospital based settings. Additionally we intend to compare the effectiveness of treatments of different groups on the basis of usage of Zinc in the treatment of diarrhoea, and to monitor additional treatment components such as ORS, antibiotic usage rates.

Feeding intolerance is a common problem in the NICU. Feeding intolerance complicates the hospitalization, lengthens the hospital stay, and adds substantially to the cost of care. We developed a method aimed at treating intestinal villous atrophy. We accomplished preclinical testing of the product, and four Phase I clinical trials, including two at McKay-Dee Hospital in 2004. Our preparation is a sterile, isotonic, solution that simulates human amniotic fluid in electrolyte composition, albumin concentration, and two enterocyte growth factors that are present in human amniotic fluid; erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. We termed the product SAFEstart, using the acronym Simulated Amniotic Fluid for Enteral administration. This trial on the efficacy and safety of SAFEstart administration as a treatment for neonates who have feeding intolerance. Hypothesis is that infants with feeding intolerance, randomized to the SAFEstart will have a greater enteral calories per kilogram per day for the seven days following conclusion of the SAFEstart administration.

This is a comparative study to investigate the safety and efficacy of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in subjects with Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD).

Severe malnutrition is associated with a high rate of mortality, even when using the latest WHO recommendations. Watery diarrhea as observed in cholera is an additional vital risk to those children. The fragility of the children together with the complexity of the pathophysiology and the simplicity of the medical environment where the treatment is delivered are serious constraints for the development of new therapies. Dehydration is a special immediate risk in those children who already displayed altered body distribution of water with potassium, magnesium, zinc and other nutrient deficiency. Dehydration is also often associated with a decrease in appetite. In addition, the intestinal function is altered both by the infectious agent and the nutritional status of the child. Recommended therapy for those children comprises oral rehydration with ReSoMaL (modified ORS for use in severely malnourished children recommended by WHO), at a relatively low rate, with permanent monitoring; in addition, breastfeeding should not be interrupted and feeding with F100 (Milk based formula diet for use in severely malnourished children recommended by WHO) is recommended. Recently, amylase-resistant starch added to a standard WHO-ORS has been shown to reduce the duration and severity of adults with cholera. The rationale for using amylase-resistant starch was that when starch enters the colon it is metabolized by the bacteria. The short-chain fatty acids thus produced stimulate sodium absorption in the colon, just like glucose stimulates water absorption in the small intestine. In addition, this treatment would be of particular interest in malnutrition because short-chain fatty acids are specific energetic substrate for the colon.In the present project, we propose to test the hypothesis that addition of amylase-resistant starch to the already recommended treatment of severely malnourished children with cholera reduces the severity and duration of diarrhea; this could be achieved through the effect of short-chain fatty acids on colonic sodium absorption. In addition, a better recovery from malnutrition could be achieved through the energy provided by short-chain fatty acids to the colon and improved appetite through improved rehydration. Thus, the aim of the study is to measure the effect of amylase-resistant starch added to an already accepted treatment (with minimal changes) at the rehydration and rehabilitation phases of the treatment. A total of 210 children aged 6 mo to 60 mo will be studied in three groups : a) glucose based ORS and amylase-resistant starch; b) glucose based ORS without amylase resistant starch ; c) rice based ORS . The major outcome variables on the first phase (diarrhoeal duration and stool output), and second phase (food intake, weight gain) will be compared between the two treatment groups. The result of the study if found effective in reducing the duration of diarrhoea, enhance recovery from diarrhoea and malnutrition in severely malnourished children, will contribute to better case management of these children.

This is placebo-controlled study of three rifaximin doses in patients with DIBS. Subjects will be randomized to receive daily doses of placebo BID, rifaximin 275 mg BID, rifaximin 550 mg BID, or 1100 mg BID for 14 days. These four groups will subsequently receive an additional two weeks of placebo for a total of 4 weeks of treatment. A fifth group of subjects will receive rifaximin 550 mg BID for a period of 28 days. Subjects who successfully respond to treatment at the end of the 28-day Treatment Phase will be followed in a Post-treatment Phase that includes study visits during Weeks 6, 8, 12 and 16. Subjects who relapse during the Post-treatment Phase will be discontinued from the study.

The purposes of this study are to prospectively determine the effect of a very low carbohydrate diet on quality of life and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D); and to determine possible physiological correlates of symptom improvement, as related to post-prandial 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release, weight loss and fiber content.

This study is designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an investigational drug, TRN-002 (crofelemer) to relieve the symptoms of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).