Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

This is a randomized crossover study, where clinicians will be randomized to periods where they will use a rehydration calculator application with or without the Diarrheal Etiology Prediction (DEP) algorithm. The crossover will include a washout period to reduce carryover effect. The study will be conducted over a 9-week period. The Investigators will use a random number generator to randomize clinicians to DEP (use of the etiology calculator) or control arm (use of a previously-tested rehydration calculator) within site for the first 4 weeks. After the first 4 weeks, there will be 1-week washout period without decision support, after which each clinician will cross-over to the other arm for the next 4 weeks. The Investigators will enroll diarrhea-treating clinicians who treat children presenting with acute diarrhea at sites in Bangladesh and Mali. Utah investigators will only analyze de-identified data provided by our collaborators in Bangladesh and Mali.

To improve the safety of diagnosis and therapy for a set of conditions and undifferentiated symptoms for hospitalized patients, the investigators will employ a set of methods and tools from the disciplines of systems engineering, human factors, quality improvement,and data analytics to thoroughly analyze the problem, design and develop potential solutions that leverage existing current technological infrastructure, and implement and evaluate the final interventions. The investigators will engage the interdisciplinary care team and patient (or their caregivers) to ensure treatment trajectories match the anticipated course for working diagnoses (or symptoms), and whether they are in line with patient and clinician expectations. The investigators will use an Interrupted time series (ITS) design to assess impact on diagnostic errors that lead to patient harm. The investigators will perform quantitative and qualitative evaluations using implementation science principles to understand if the interventions worked, and why or why not.

This is a prospective, descriptive, observational research study designed to observe and document the clinical practice by domain experts, and how the knowledge of new findings that are published in the medical literature affect clinical decision making. The study will evaluate risk factors and co-variants, including genetic variants that are associated with disease progression such as pain, inflammation, organ dysfunction, disability and quality of life.

Acute diarrhea and acute colitis of infectious origin are common reasons for consultation at the emergency department. The current etiological diagnostic approach is limited to the determination of markers of inflammation, such as CRP and blood leukocytes, which lack specificity and sensitivity for bacterial infection. The stool culture can detect bacterial pathogens in the stool with a result at least 48 hours later and a positivity rate <50%. This study will describe the procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations (a biomarker of bacterial infection) in this population to evaluate its usefulness depending on the viral or bacterial etiology identified by stool multiplex gastro-intestinal PCR panel (GI panel) and stool culture. The investigators hypothesize that PCT levels will be higher if the GI panel or the stool culture identifies a bacteria or a parasite, as it is the case in respiratory tract infections. If there is a detection of a virus by the GI panel or both the stool culture and the GI panel are negative, the investigators expect that PCT values will be lower or negative. the investigators will include the patients admitted to the ED with a suspicion of infectious diarrhea or acute colitis in order to have a large representative panel of infectious diarrhea etiologies. Only the patients having a blood sample prescribed as the routine care will be included. The blood sample is useful for dosing CRP and whole blood cell count (WBC), which are part of current biologic analyses performed in this context. After getting the patient's consent, the investigator will add the PCT dosage in blood sampling and will ask the patient to provide a stool sample, in order to have a stool culture and to perform an extended investigation for the pathogens through multiplex PCR technology (Filmarray ®GI panel). The physician will be asked if all these results (the ones ordered currently together with the dosage of PCT and the GI panel) will change his/her decision to start an antibiotic. Patients will receive a phone call at day 15 after their initial admission in the emergency department and will be asked if he/she has consulted a new physician or if a new treatment by antibiotics was started. Data collection procedures: Data from the medical file will be collected by the investigators and the emergency department clinical research assistant. All the data will be pseudonymized. The collection will be done at the day of admission in the emergency department and after the phone interview at Day15.

Zinc deficiency in children is a major problem which leads to compromised immunity and accordingly repeated infections. This study aims to investigate the effect of supplementing zinc to decrease the incidence of diarrhea and respiratory illness in children between 6 months and 5 years in Paediatric Outpatient Clinic in Ain Shams University Hospital.

Nathan Tintle, in conjunction with others at Dordt College including Dr. Kristin Van De Griend and undergraduate student research assistants, have agreed to collaborate with Hope College to analyze the impact of different water filter deployment strategies in schools and villages on diarrhea and other medical and economic outcomes. The distribution of the water filters will begin in September 2018 to Child Hope schools in 4 different countries (Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua). In order to evaluate efficacy of alternative filter deployment strategies, filters will be distributed in 4 separate treatment arms including schools, homes, simultaneous home/school and a control group

BACKGROUND. Diarrhea is ubiquitous, particularly among people in low- and middle-income countries. Unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene are responsible for nearly 90% of diarrhea-related mortalities. Despite extensive knowledge that has been obtained in recent years, there is no consensus as to the most efficacious approach to improve Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene behavior and health. With this study, we want to determine whether multi-faceted contextualized and non-contextualized WASH interventions have a differential impact. OBJECTIVES. The primary objective is to determine the effectiveness of a contextualized and non-contextualized add-on intervention for improving hand washing (HW) behavior. Secondary objectives include the impact on latrine use, health, coverage of HW and latrine infrastructure, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.

While household-level water, sanitation and hygiene has been investigated extensively, this is the first comprehensive study to investigate the impact of improved water, sanitation and hygiene and nutrition at household on child health in Yemen.

The primary objective is to measure the effect of host human genetics on the resulting immunological responses and long-term protection following rotavirus immunization of a study population of infants in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The secondary objectives are to assess the temporal immunological responses following rotavirus vaccination, and to investigate the role of maternally derived antibodies, and other factors that could potentially affect immunological responses following rotavirus vaccination. Also to assess infecting rotavirus genotypes in the vaccine failure cases.

The aim of the study is to examine the efficacy of ceramic water filters to reduce the burden of waterborne diarrheal illness among infants in selected villages in Kenya. In Kenya very young children are given drinking water or water is used in reconstitution of their food. We hypothesize that ceramic water filters will remove Cryptosporidium from drinking water reducing infection in infants.