Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

This study will test the safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of a treatment called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to reduce the symptoms of ICI-related diarrhea. FMT uses a liquid preparation of stool collected from a healthy donor with normal (healthy) bacteria; this liquid is infused into the small or large intestine of a recipient during a colonoscopy procedure. The study researchers think that the healthy bacteria in the transplanted stool will grow and replace the unhealthy bacteria and return the intestines and colon of the recipient to a healthy state.

The purpose of this study is to test the safety of colesevelam and find out what effects, if any, colesevelam has on lenalidomide associated diarrhea in participants with multiple myeloma on lenalidomide maintenance.

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death for children around the world, although nearly all of these deaths could be prevented with an inexpensive and simple treatment: oral rehydration salts (ORS). Many children with diarrhea do not receive ORS when they seek treatment and this study uses a field experiment to examine why this occurs. We will use anonymous standardized patients combined with a randomized ORS supply intervention to isolate the causal effect of several potential reasons for why children do not receive ORS when they seek care: 1) caretakers prefer ORS alternatives, 2) providers have a financial incentives to prescribe ORS alternatives, and 3) ORS is often out of stock.

The investigators propose to investigate Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) for treating children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and gastrointestinal problems (primarily constipation and/or diarrhea). MTT involves a combination of 10 days of oral vancomycin (an antibiotic to kill pathogenic bacteria), followed by a bowel cleanse, followed by 12 weeks of Fecal Microbiota (FM).

Patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) were examined and received treatment in the study. Severity of complaints and quality of life patients were assessed according to questionnaires. The state of the intestinal barrier (analysis of the protein composition, intestinal mucin levels in biopsies, serum zonulin level in blood), the composition of the gut microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing), bacterial metabolic function (short-chain fatty acid levels in feces), and the presence of gut inflammation (levels of lymphocytes and eosinophils in biopsies) were assessed in the patients. Patients were divided into 3 treatment groups: trimebutin + placebo, rebamipide + placebo, trimebutin + rebamipide. The above parameters were compared in patients before and after treatment.

Cystectomy with urinary diversion (ileal conduit, orthotopic ileal bladder substitute, continent catheterizable pouch) is the best treatment option for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This intervention is one of the most challenging in urology and has a high rate of postoperative complications including around 30% of postoperative infections. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is widely accepted as a crucial preventive measure to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI). The rationale for PAP is the reduction of the local bacterial load at the site and time of intervention, and therefore a short duration of PAP of 24 to maximal 48 hours is recommended for all clean to clean-contaminated procedures.. Evidence supporting the optimal duration of PAP for radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is lacking. Based on data extrapolated from abdominal surgery, current guidelines recommend short-term PAP (≤24h) for all clean-contaminated procedures including radical cystectomy. However, a recent evaluation revealed a significant inter-hospital variability of PAP and showed that extended use (>48h) was common in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Importantly, this study also demonstrated that longer duration of PAP incurred higher costs and was associated with an increased rate of C. difficile colitis. A small, prospective, non-randomized study showed equal efficacy of short-term PAP in preventing postoperative infections in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ileum conduit compared to extended PAP. Nonetheless, larger randomized clinical trials supporting these findings are lacking. The unwarranted extended use of antibiotics is a major concern as exposure to antibiotics is a driving force for the development of (multi-) resistant bacteria and will lead to an increasing number of difficult-to-treat infections. This has been recognized on both national and international levels and is addressed within antimicrobial stewardship frameworks. This study will compare current practice (>48h PAP, "extended PAP") with the guideline recommended approach (24h PAP, "short term PAP") in a single-centre, prospective, randomised clinical non-inferiority trial. The primary outcome is the rate of SSI within 90 days post surgery. The aim of the study is to generate currently lacking evidence allowing for an optimised PAP strategy in a challenging surgical setting.

This phase II trial studies how well isatuximab works in treating patients with primary amyloidosis that has come back or does not respond to treatment. Monoclonal antibodies, such as isatuximab, may interfere with the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional bowel disorder, being present in approximately 10% of adult Europoid population. The etiology of IBS is elusive. Literature indicates that modification of patients´colonic microbiota might ameliorate the condition. Here we test an intervention by faecal microbiota transplantation of artificially inflated microbiome diversity, versus autoclaved placebo.

In recent studies, a radiation-induced enteropathy is being reported over 50%. In clinics, probiotics are actively prescribed as a treatment for radiation-induced enteropathy. If probiotics can be used during radiation therapy to prevent or reduce radiation-induced enteropathy, the investigators can 1) reduce the inconvenience which is caused from intestinal toxicity, 2) reduce the unnecessary interruption of radiation therapy, and 3) expect to improve the quality of life.

Colorectal cancer in periooperative period patients (n=60) will be enrolled to this study. Participants will be divided into 4 groups as follows: group 1 (n=15) will receive 2 capsules (per day) of L. plantarum 299v L. plantarum 299v (Sanprobi IBS®) for 4 weeks group 2 (n=15) will receive L. plantarum 299v (2 capsules per day) and inulin (4 g) for 4 weeks group 3 (n=15) will receive placebo (2 capsules per day) and inulin (4 g) for 4 weeks group 4 (n=15) will receive placebo (2 capsules per day) for 4 weeks