Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome. The aim of the study is to identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, the investigators applied high throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy.

The purpose of this study is to compare the occurrence of childhood diarrheal disease and pneumonia in subjects under the age of 5 years in low resource settings who have received prophylactic 64N nutraceutical (64N)as a neonate as compared with neonates who have not received prophylactic 64N.

Under the World Health Organization's (WHO) integrated community case management (iCCM) Rapid Access Expansion Program (RAcE), World Vision Niger and Canada supported the Niger Ministry of Public Health to implement iCCM in four health districts in Niger in 2013. Community health workers (CHWs), known as Relais Communautaire (RCom), were deployed in their communities to diagnose and treat children under five years of age presenting with diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia and refer children with severe illness to the higher-level facilities. Two of the districts piloted RCom using smartphones equipped with an application to support quality case management and provide good timely clinical data. A two-arm cluster randomized trial assessed the impact of use of the mHealth application mainly on quality of care (QoC), but also on motivation, retention and supervision

This interventional trial shall investigate the efficacy and tolerance of a suspension with non-pathogenic probiotic E. coli strain Nissle (EcN) on prophylaxis against gastrointestinal infections in newborn and infants. ECN-SUSPENSION is a probiotic containing viable E. coli bacteria of the non-pathogenic Nissle 1917 strain at a concentration of 10exp8 cells per ml.

This study is designed to compare the pharmacokinetics of four products used for treatment of acute diarrhea.

The purpose of this trial is to clarify the impact of lactobacillus preparation on the incidence of diarrhea in ICU-admitted patients. Almost all patients in ICU are treated with antibiotics for the effective control of various infections. However, antibiotics-associated diarrhea is another matter of concern. Many previous studies were proved that the use of probiotic lactobacillus preparation can reduce antibiotics-associated diarrhea in ward-admitted patients. In this study, we are planning to perform a similar study in severely ill patients in ICU.

This study will use longitudinal data collection to quantify the impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) program in Mali, West Africa, on pupil absenteeism, diarrheal illness, and respiratory illness. Data will be collected from 100 intervention and 100 control schools across 4 regions in Mali. At each school research staff will randomly select 60 pupils in grades 3-6 (typically ages 7-14). Research staff will ask school directors to provide written consent for pupil participation in place of parents, a procedure that has been approved by the Malian Ministry of Education. Research staff will approach selected pupils at school to request informed oral assent for participation. The informed assent process and data collection will be conducted by local trained enumerators in the child's preferred language of French or Bambara. Oral rather than written assent was chosen due to varied literacy capabilities and to limit paperwork that identifies participants. Data collection will take place at each school once every six to eight weeks during the duration of two school years. Research staff will conduct observations of school facilities, observations of handwashing behavior of children upon leaving latrines, and an interview with the school director about WASH conditions and school enrollment information. None of these school activities collect personal data or identifiers. Data collection with pupils will be done with the same pupils every 6-8 weeks and entails a 5-minute interview asking about recent absence and symptoms of diarrhea and respiratory illness. All data collection will occur at the school, will be conducted by trained local enumerators, and will be stored on password-protected mobile data collection devices. Data will be uploaded to a password-protected server and will not contain personal identifying information. Enumerators will maintain a separate form that links pupil IDs with names, which will be kept confidential. There are no direct benefits other than contribution to general knowledge that will inform future school WASH projects. There are no risks to participation other than a small amount of class time missed by pupils, and great efforts will be made to minimize time outside of class.

Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) is a common complication of antibiotic use. The frequency of AAD can be high (26 - 60%) or moderate (13-29%) during hospital outbreaks and is relatively infrequent in outpatients. The risk factors for AAD include broad-spectrum antibiotics, host factors (age, health status, and gender), hospitalization period and exposure to nosocomial pathogens. AAD occurs 2-8 weeks after exposure to antibiotics as a result of disrupting normal intestinal microflora. One of the roles of normal intestinal microflora is to act as a protective barrier that resists the colonization of intestinal pathogens. These patients are susceptible to infection by opportunistic pathogens without this protective barrier. Probiotic therapy is suited to AAD and Clostridium difficile disease. Probiotics assist in reestablishing the disrupted intestinal microflora, enhancing immune responses and clearing pathogens and their toxins from the host. Studies using probiotics have been reported for the past twenty-eight years (1977~2005), but the studies have been variable in trial designs and types of probiotics, had differing doses and durations of treatment, and thus have yielded controversial results. The investigators will conduct a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacilli (Lacidofil cap®) for the prevention of AAD in adults.

The purpose of the investigators study is to compare the rates of childhood diarrhea at the community level before and after the rotavirus vaccination program in León, Nicaragua. From preliminary studies, the investigators anticipate about a 28% reduction in diarrhea following the vaccination program among children who received the vaccine, and a smaller reduction in diarrhea among children who did not receive the vaccine, due to the effects of "herd immunity". In addition, the investigators will collect stool samples from children who develop diarrhea in order determine the etiology of childhood diarrhea in the post-rotavirus immunization era.

Medical literature has dealt with various perspectives of probiotic therapy - prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea, Clostridium difficile, etc. However, there have been no published results which can provide a basis for a generalized recommendation or discouragement of probiotic use among various groups of hospitalized patients. The hypothesis is that the benefit in probiotic therapy in the admitted patient is by far larger than the actual cost of therapy. This assumption is probably true for all admitted patients and for patients on antibiotic therapy in particular.