Active clinical trials for "Metabolic Diseases"

This study aimed to investigate the effect of an exercise session with weights associated with glutamine dipeptide (GLD) supplementation on cognitive function of people living with HIV/ AIDS. The sample consisted of 10 HIV+ women, who used the Antiretroviral Therapy Highly Active. The participants were randomized in a double-blind procedure to receive seven days of supplementation GLD or placebo (PLA). At the end of this first period, the participants held a workout with weights with cognitive assessments before and immediately after the session. To evaluate oxidative stress markers blood samples were collected before and 1 hour and 2 hours after the session.Then the participants rested for 7 days for the initial stocks of glutamine return to baseline levels (washout). Following was realized the crossing of the groups, so those who had received the GLD in the first week spent extra for 7 days with PLA and vice versa, and then they repeated evaluations and exercise session. The exercise session consisted of seven resistance exercises involving different muscle groups, with three sets of 8-12 repetitions with an interval of 90 seconds between sets and 120 seconds between the exercises. Stroop test was used to cognitive assessments, which aims to assess selective attention and inhibitory control over the color of conflict and word, and the N-back test, responsible for evaluating the central executive component of working memory by stimuli visual. Oxidative stress markers (TBARS, FOX, GSH, GSSG, AOPP) were analyzed in plasma samples.

Delineation of the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signalling in the glucose-lowering effect of metformin during meal ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Investigation of GLP-1 signalling in the glucose-lowering effect of increased carbohydrate content in the distal small intestines induced by alpha-glucosidase inhibition during meal ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes

In healthy individuals, the body responds to glucose (sugar) ingestion by reducing the amount released from the liver. At the same time, skeletal muscles increase the rate at which they remove the glucose from the bloodstream, via the actions of the hormone insulin. This ensures that blood glucose levels remain in a controlled range. However, in developed countries, diseases such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are becoming prevalent, due to dietary modifications and a reduction in physical activity. As one of the prominent barriers to regular physical activity is a lack of time, finding ways to maximize the health benefits of exercise is a priority for researchers. The investigators want to understand potential differences in the effects of six weeks of aerobic training, with the exercise performed either after breakfast or after a prolonged fast. Specifically, this research aims to investigate whether there is a difference in the change in processes implicated in glucose regulation and secondly, in subsequent eating and physical activity behaviors. By investigating these changes this work will explore how exercise and nutrition can be optimized to benefit health and weight loss.

Nutritional and metabolic alterations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and poor nutritional status which associate with poor clinical outcome can potentially be targeted and ameliorated by interventions using nutritional supplements. The investigators evaluated the effects of 8 weeks of oral supplementation with flaxseed oil and pomegranate dry extract on markers of inflammation, lipid profile and nutritional status of individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The goal of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of oral supplementation with flaxseed oil and pomegranate dry extract on markers of inflammation, lipid profile and nutritional status of individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Participants will be randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to supplementation group to receive twice a day 1 capsule of 1.000 mg of flaxseed oil plus 1 capsule of 600mg of pomegranate dry extract; or to placebo group, to receive twice a day 1 capsule of 1.000 mg of sunflower oil plus 1 capsule of 600mg of microcrystalline celulose.

Growth hormone (GH) is essential for longitudinal bone growth and somatic development. These protein anabolic effects require sufficient nutritional supply. During fasting and caloric restriction GH predominantly promotes fat metabolism. GH counteracts the effect of insulin in many tissues, of which insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle has been most extensively studied. Substrate competition between elevated free fatty acids and glucose is suggested as a mechanism, and this hypothesis can be tested mechanistically by means of acipimox, which is a nicotinic acid that suppresses the fat metabolizing effects of GH. The hypothesis is, that the suppressive effect of GH on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is obviated by acipimox-induced inhibition of fat metabolism. In order to investigate this, eight adult hypopituitary patients with documented GH-deficiency will be studied in the presence and absence of GH and acipimox, respectively, and biopsies from skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue will be analyzed. Knowledge of the effects of growth hormone and fat metabolism can in shot-sight as well as in long-sight have great importance for the understanding of growth disorders from overweight and type 2 diabetes to malnutrition and eating disorders.

The overall objective of the study is to examine the changes within the gut microbiome after the supplementation of inulin and its effect on markers of mineral metabolism and bone turnover.

Objective: To identify how specific changes of the gluten content in the diet affect the host-gut microbiome interactions with implications for metabolic health. Design: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, cross-over intervention trial consisting of two 8-week interventions periods, separated by a 6-week wash-out period. A total number of 60 participants will be included. Intervention: low vs high gluten intake.

This study is to investigate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single ascending oral doses of PF-04991532 in Japanese healthy subjects. The secondary objective is to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of single ascending oral doses of PF-04991532 in Western healthy subjects and to compare the pharmacokinetics between Japanese and Western healthy subjects.

This study aims to find out how consuming different proteins with rice affect metabolism. Most meals the investigators eat predominantly consist of a carbohydrate and protein (i.e. rice, noodles, bread etc with meats or seafood). However, it is still unknown how consuming different proteins with commonly eaten carbohydrates affect metabolism. Previous studies have shown that proteins stimulate hormones such as insulin, glucagon and gut hormones. However, the extent of the response depends on protein type. The metabolic responses to carbohydrates have also been shown to be greatly affected when they are eaten with proteins. However, most of the previous studies have used glucose as the carbohydrate and it is still unknown how eating proteins with carbohydrate foods such as rice affect metabolism. Therefore, this study has been initiated to determine the metabolic effects of eating different protein types with rice. Using the most common carbohydrate eaten in Asia (rice) and four commonly eaten protein foods (egg, chicken, fish and beancurd), this study aims to observe the metabolic effects of co-ingesting proteins and carbohydrate. The resulting data will provide valuable insights into the metabolic effects of protein-carbohydrate meals and will be useful in the development of practical advice and dietary guidelines for those with chronic diseases (such as diabetes and obesity).