Active clinical trials for "Alcohol Drinking"

College drinking associated with sporting events is characterized by excess alcohol, along with food intake, over the duration of hours has the potential to cause a build up of fat in the liver. Fatty liver can increase blood glucose concentrations leading to a prediabetes like state. The present study will determine how overweight men respond to the over-consumption of alcohol/food to identify which characteristics might protect some men from fatty liver, while others might be more susceptible to this condition. The goal of this work is to determine the direct impact of alcohol/food intake to cause acute fatty liver through the stimulation of de novo lipogenesis in 20 overweight, healthy men. Understanding individual susceptibility to alcohol-induced fatty liver will aid in the development of strategies designed to help people mitigate these risks. Hypothesis is that 5h excess consumption of alcohol and food will increase liver triglycerides by 4% or more, in comparison to fasting state.

The purpose of this study is to assess the longitudinal association between alcohol consumption and biomarkers of microbial translocation (sCD14) and inflammation/altered coagulation (IL-6/D-dimer); to establish a cohort of HIV-infected Russian drinkers; and to establish a sample repository.

The purpose of the current study is to investigate in a prospective randomized cross-over trial, the impact of alcohol versus a placebo drink on smoking behavior and topography (duration and frequency of puffing), abuse liability, and toxicity. It is hypothesized that drinking alcohol before smoking will be associated with longer puffs and shorter duration between puffs and greater abuse liability and toxicity.

Due to the relapsing nature of alcoholism, excessive alcohol consumption represents a significant cost to US society ($249 billion in 20101). About 64% of those entering treatment will relapse within one year. New interventions targeting the underlying brain biomarkers of relapse vulnerability hold significant promise in reducing this critical public health problem. Using resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we have identified brain biomarkers that support long-term abstinence and brain biomarkers that predict relapse. Our data point to specific brain biomarkers that index higher relapse vulnerability at 11 weeks of abstinence. Many individuals, however, have already relapsed by this time. It is unknown whether these biomarkers can be identified earlier during the recovery period. We need to investigate whether this biomarker of relapse vulnerability can be identified during earlier stages of abstinence. Earlier identification of this biomarker will give valuable information for timely targeted interventions (e.g. closer monitoring, longer stay in treatment program, neuromodulation), increasing the chances of maintaining abstinence. The overall objective of this study is to identify biomarkers of relapse during early abstinence (2-3 weeks of abstinence). A secondary objective is to evaluate whether non-imaging measures such as craving6 and executive function7 add value to prediction models. Findings from this proposal will provide insight into the neurobiology of relapse vulnerability that will inform new treatment strategies needed to improve treatment outcome.

This study investigates how alcohol affects the immune system and behavior in healthy adults. The study also will examine how an individual's typical drinking habits may affect the immune system's response to alcohol.

Background: Over 39% of approximately 3,000 doctors (The British Medical Association quarterly survey, 2015) admitted to frequently feeling drained, exhausted, overloaded, tired, low and lacking energy. Such occupational distress may link to psychological and physical difficulties in doctors and have negative outcomes for organization and patients. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of an induction programme on occupational distress of doctors. Methods/design: Doctors will be invited to take part in an online research. Participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental groups will complete one of the induction topics (about stress at work). Before and after an induction programme participants will be asked to fill in an online survey about their current occupational distress and organizational well-being. Discussion: The investigators expect that doctors' psychological, physiological and organizational well-being will improve after an induction programme which should serve as a resource for better doctor's own health understanding.

Many problem gamblers are also problem drinkers,with lifetime prevalence in nationally representative samples ranging from 45% to 73%. Heavy drinking often occurs while problem gamblers are engaging in gambling activities, resulting in increased risky gambling behaviour. Further, co-occurring problem drinking negatively impacts on the treatment outcomes of problem gamblers. Thus, targeting problem drinking among problem gamblers may have the dual benefits of reducing both the problem drinking itself, and of acting as a mediator for reductions in problem gambling behaviour. The present study seeks to determine whether providing simultaneous access to help for gambling and drinking is of benefit for those with these co-occurring problems.

To determine the effectiveness of four group session of motivational counseling plus six hours of direct observations of the emergency department trauma services in comparison to four group session and six hours of community volunteering and also in comparison to four hours of education and 16 hours of community volunteering in reducing alcohol use and high risk driving behaviors and offenses among court referred 16-20 year old drivers.

Randomized controlled trial and benefit-cost study of a telephone and mail intervention for non-treatment-seeking primary care patients with alcohol abuse or dependence

This study evaluates multi-attribute utility, a modification of subjective expected utility, as a descriptive model of the adolescent's decision to initiate smoking or alcohol use. According to the model, the young decision maker envisions a set of consequences that will follow the two decision options, either to continue as a non-user or to initiate usage. Each consequence has three components. The components are the worth of the consequence, which may be positive or negative, the judged likelihood that the consequence will happen, and the importance of the consequence. Within an individual, importances will change with mood or circumstance, which is how the model accounts for impulsive decisions that may occur in social settings. The model will be tested by eliciting components of ten independent consequences from a large group of students early in the seventh-grade year. Current usage will also be examined; extant data suggest that most students will be non-users at that time. It is known that a fair amount of initiation takes place during the seventh and eighth grade years. The hypothesis is that those non-users whose model scores are high will be more likely to initiate usage than those whose scores are low. The same students will be queried regarding usage eighteen months later to evaluate the hypothesis. It is now well known that differential knowledge regarding the harmful effects of drug use does not distinguish adolescent users from non-users. The model approach quantifies the idea that anticipated positive consequences play a prominent role in the decision of those who choose to initiate. An important implication is that prevention campaigns might profit by addressing positive as well as negative consequences of usage.