Active clinical trials for "Substance-Related Disorders"

A study will be conducted with a quantitative approach with correlational scope, observational analytical study, prospective cross-sectional. The objective is to compare the levels of anxious symptomatology, depressive symptomatology and substance use in university students who were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 with those who were not.

The aim of this post marketing surveillance study is to investigate the retention rate after 12 months of drug dependence treatment with SUBOXONE® (buprenorphine plus naloxone) of opioid dependent patients under real life conditions.

Background: - The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) uses a standardized set of procedures to develop a pool of potential participants for research studies. Because some of the data collected during screening are used later for research, the screening itself is considered a study. An applicant to any NIDA study is considered a participant in NIDA screening. Objectives: - To identify, recruit, and screen participants for NIDA research protocols. Eligibility: - Individuals 18 years of age and older who are able to provide informed consent. Design: Individuals who are eligible for screening will undergo two interviews: a telephone interview and an in-person interview. The phone interview will determine eligibility for the in-person interview. The in-person interview may require up to five visits to NIDA. The in-person visit will involve any or all of the following procedures: (1) full physical examination and medical history; (2) psychiatric interview; (3) psychological testing; (4) electrocardiogram; (5) samples of blood, urine, and hair; and (6) other minimally invasive procedures as directed by the research staff. During screening, a photograph will be taken for confirmation of identity during subsequent visits for other studies. No clinical care will be provided as part of screening.

Background: Environmental cues frequently induce expectancies in individuals that may strongly influence the actual experience associated with the cue. This has both positive and negative consequences for behavior and decision making. For instance, when an addicted individual experiences cues associated with imminent drug taking, an expectancy of the coming experience is also formed and very likely has an effect on the subsequent experience of the drug. Researchers are interested in studying how the brain responds to these kinds of environmental cues and expectancies in order to learn more about addiction and craving in substance-abusing individuals. Objectives: To compare the response to rewards (both drug-related and non-drug-related) in cocaine users and non-using individuals. To study the effect of expectation on reward-related (both drug-induced and non-drug-induced) responses and brain activity in cocaine users and non-using individuals. Eligibility: -Individuals between 18 and 45 years of age who are regular cocaine users but otherwise healthy, or healthy individuals who are not cocaine users. Design: This study involves two experiments. Participants will be assigned to one or both experiments. Participants must not use any drugs for at least 3 days before the visit, may not consume alcohol for 24 hours before the visit, and may not consume caffeinated beverages for 12 hours before the visit. On the day of the visit, participants will provide both urine and breath samples to test for drug/alcohol use. Experiment 1: In the MRI scanner, participants will respond to questions and images on a screen, and will receive small amounts of flavored liquid (chocolate or cherry) through a tube in the mouth. Experiment 2: In the MRI scanner, participants will respond to questions and images on a screen, and will receive injections of liquid (saline solution or a drug that provides a high similar to cocaine) through an intravenous line. Participants in this experiment will return for follow-up visits and provide urine samples for further study. The specific assignment (to Experiment 1 or Experiment 2 or both experiments) will determine the number of study days and follow-up visits required.

Background: - Researchers are interested in developing more accurate methods to assess environmental influences on psychological stress and drug use. One key to a more accurate assessment of environmental influences is minimizing the delay between exposure and reporting. Portable devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and global positioning system (GPS) units may be able to provide a more real-time image of these factors. Objectives: - To assess the use of PDAs to measure stress and drug use, and GPS units to assess the effects of neighborhood environment in an outpatient treatment population. Eligibility: Individuals from 18 to 75 years of age who are current heroin users seeking treatment for addiction and who spend most of their time in Baltimore city. Participants must be able to visit the research and treatment center at least three times per week for regular tests. Design: Participants will be in the study for approximately 28 weeks (7 months). A series of three laboratory session examining responsiveness to standardized stressors will occur both early in treatment and will be repeated late in treatment. Participants will undergo 18 weeks of daily methadone maintenance. Urine samples will be collected three times weekly. To track drug use, stress, and geographical location (a measure of environmental risk), each participant will carry a PDA and a GPS unit for 16 of the 18 weeks. Participants will make entries (1) each time that they use a drug and (2) each time they feel overwhelmed, anxious, or stressed more than usual. Participants will also make three random-signal-triggered recordings per day and one brief (end of day) recording. Retrospective self-report questionnaires on drug use and stress will be given regularly. After 18 weeks of methadone maintenance, participants will discontinue carrying the PDA and GPS unit and will have the choice of transferring to a community clinic or undergoing a 10-week taper from methadone at the research clinic. Participants who stay for the taper will continue to provide urine samples, but only once a week.

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a 9-month psychosocial intervention that will assist patients with hepatitis C in overcoming barriers that prevent them from becoming appropriate candidates for interferon therapy.

This study is a longitudinal follow-up of 670 primarily African-American women and their 17-year-old firstborn children enrolled since 1990 in a highly significant randomized controlled trial (RCT) of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses. Nurses in this program are charged with improving pregnancy outcomes, child health and development, and maternal economic self-sufficiency. This follow-up examines whether earlier program effects on maternal and child functioning lead to less violent antisocial behavior, psychopathology, substance use and use-disorders, and risk for HIV; whether these effects are greater for those at both genetic and environmental risk; and whether program effects replicate those found with whites in an earlier trial.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether motorcycle drivers with ADHD are at a greater risk for motorcycle accidents, and whether this risk can be mitigated by treatment with methylphenidate. We will evaluate the effectiveness of Methylphenidate on driving performance, among motorcycle drivers, and investigate the correlation between improvement of ADHD symptoms (inattention and impulsivity) and driving performance.

The objective of this protocol is to examine the utility of behavioral economics for understanding reinforcer interactions as they pertain to drug self-administration. In a series of 6 experiments, the researchers will attempt to quantify the effects of qualitatively different reinforcers (money, cigarettes, alcohol, nicotine gum) and their interactions. This work represents a continuation of research by this investigator in the area of addiction and pharmacology.

Drug-related deaths (DRD) are a significant and increasing public health problem in Scotland. Benzodiazepines and BZD-type substances (BZD) are increasingly implicated in DRD. In 2018, BZDs were implicated in 67% of DRD, often in combination with other illicit and prescribable substances including Opiate Replacement Therapies (ORT) such as methadone and buprenorphine. Illicit BZD use and dependence is higher among people with other substance use disorders. 29% of patients presenting to Scottish addiction services report current illicit BZD use. There is widespread variance in approaches to the clinical management of BZD dependence among people with opioid use disorder in Scotland. Some addiction clinicians are reluctant to prescribe BZD to people on ORT, some will prescribe BZD with the primary aim of dose reduction and detoxification, others will consider longer-term maintenance prescribing whilst patients stabilise on ORT. Previous research has identified increased risks of mortality among people taking BZD and ORT. Other work suggests that co-prescribing BZD and ORT increases patient engagement and retention in addiction treatment. This retrospective cohort study will analyse anonymised, linked data on people who received ORT between 01/01/2010 and 31/12/2020 to explore any relationships between exposure (co-prescribing of BZD and ORT) and harms including: mortality (all-cause and DRD), hospitalisation, illicit drug use during ORT, and reduced retention in addiction care.