Active clinical trials for "Substance-Related Disorders"

This study seeks more information about the biology of substance dependency by exploring the brain areas involved in feeling positive and negative emotions. Specifically, it will determine whether a brain chemical called dopamine affects activity in certain brain regions during performance of a game that involves winning and losing money. Brain activity will be examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a test that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce images of brain structure and function. Young to middle-aged healthy adults may participate in this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (EKG), psychiatric interview, and blood and urine tests. Participants will be assigned to one of the two study procedures, as follows: Tyrosine/Phenylalanine This study requires two overnight stays at the NIH Clinical Center. For each stay, subjects are admitted to the hospital the afternoon before the MRI scan. From the time of admission until after the scan, their diets are restricted to food relatively low in amino acids, prepared by NIH dietitians. The next day, participants undergo MRI scanning. For this procedure, the subject lies on a table that is moved into the scanner, a metal cylindrical machine. Earplugs are worn to muffle loud noises that occur with electrical switching of the radio frequency circuits. Imaging of brain structure takes about 10 to 15 minutes. Additional scans are then taken to measure brain activity while the subject plays simple computer games for money. These scans take about another 20 to 45 minutes. Five hours before the MRI, the subject drinks one of two beverages containing amino acids. A different beverage is given for each of the two visits: one drink lacks the essential amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine, from which the body makes dopamine; the other contains balanced amounts of these two amino acids. Finally, subjects fill out mood-rating questionnaires before and after drinking each of the beverages. Dextroamphetamine This study requires two outpatient visits to the NIH Clinical Center. For one visit, participants are given an injection of 0.2 mg/kg body weight of the drug dextroamphetamine; for the other, they are given an injection of saline (salt water). After each injection, they undergo MRI scanning while playing computer games for money, as described above. They will fill out mood-rating questionnaires before and after each brain scan.

Nursing home staff face multiple stresses during the Covid-19 pandemic including personal risk of infection, risk of transmission of the virus to residents and relatives, and risk of witnessing end-of-life scenarios under difficult contexts (absence of families). The hypothesis of this study is that the Covid-19 period is associated with an incidence of more than 30% of post-traumatic stress in nursing home staff.

The pandemic we live through has put various sectors of the medical system and its tributaries to the test. The accumulation of external and internal stress has been completely correlated with the predisposition to psycho-emotional problems and, in turn, to drug use as an immature response for ego protection. That is why the economic, social, and psychological evaluation can help understand the current situation about drug abuse and how to help patients afflicted by it. The added stress of personal problems, work alterations, daily life in a pandemic, economic and varied responsibilities, and the understanding of the pandemic have predisposed and amplified the use of drugs to reduce emotional distress perceived by individuals. The hypothesis of this study is that the increment of stress and a lack of preparation for the pandemic are associated with increased drug abuse.

Patients who suffer from MDD recieved ketamnie (2014-15) in open study will be addressed and there depression mood will be evaluated using the rating scale that were used in the original research. In addition time of relapse and questions about their medications and drug use will be performed.

The purpose of this study is to learn what resources are needed to improve outcomes for patients with opioid use disorder. The study will look at how patients engage in treatment and the decisions that patients and providers make regarding treatment, specifically buprenorphine treatment, for opioid use disorder. The aims of this study are: To evaluate using mixed methods the feasibility and acceptability of OUD screening, ED-initiated BUP, and referral. Over the course of the study and as XR-BUP is added to hospital formularies, to estimate the percentage and confidence intervals of patients assessed, treated, and engaged in treatment at Day 30. This will be a three-site study employing a multi-faceted approach to facilitate clinical protocol implementation and to assess feasibility, acceptability, and impact. Investigators will develop, introduce and update site-specific ED clinical protocols and implementation plans for OUD screening, ED-initiated BUP, and referral for treatment. A participatory action research approach will be utilized along with mixed methods incorporating data derived from: Medical record and administrative data abstraction, Research assessments involving patients who are eligible for and willing to receive ED-initiated BUP (including both those who do, and do not, receive BUP); these assessments will document the index ED visit and the 30th day after the index ED visit, Qualitative interviews, focus groups, and quantitative assessments involving providers and staff, patients, and other stakeholders.

This project is designed to test a primary prevention approach to the problem of prescription drug misuse and abuse (PDA) among middle school students. The intervention uses both online e-learning and small group facilitator-led intervention modalities. Middle schools will be randomized to receive the intervention or serve as controls.

The aims of this observational survey are to 1) collect data on the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders, and 2) investigate risk factors and consequences of mental and substance use disorder

Drug addiction to psychoactive substances, widely consumed in France, represents a major public health issue. The three main motivations identified for the consumption of psychostimulants would be self-medication, the party aspect and the improvement of school performance. Students of medicine and pharmacy are a population exposed to academic and professional stress, vulnerable to health problems and psycho-social disorders (anxiety, depression), with direct access to many drugs at their workplace. Almost a third of these students declared to consume these products to improve their cognitive performance, while a recent study showed that they take them instead to manage their stress and sleep. However, no study has characterized all the different uses of psychoactive drugs (PAD) in this population, nor the motivations for consumption, while an analysis of motives would help to develop better screening and prevention strategies. The main objective of the research is to characterize the motivations for PAD consumption among students of medicine and pharmacy in France. The most represented motives will be analyzed on the questionnaire of motivations for consumption (threshold frequency ≥20%). The secondary objectives are to identify the risk factors linked to the individual, to the environment and to drugs in students with PAD use disorders regardless of their motivation and in those using to improve their performance.

Substance abuse is a growing problem world wide, and treatment of substance abusers in the perioperative period, especially for emergency operation is challenging. The objectives of this study are to determine the proportions of substance abusers in the trauma patients undergoing emergency operation by preoperative screen, observe the differences of consumption of anesthetics and other medications during perioperative period between substance abusers and non-abusers, as well as postoperative complications, and explore an optimal scheme for substance abusers.

To investigate whether brief motivational intervention is associated with the change of parenting style in parents of teenagers seeking to prevent drug use among their children.