Active clinical trials for "Dysbiosis"

During menopause, there is a decrease in a hormone estrogen, which leads to aging of the vagina. Vaginal aging includes changes in the type and amount of healthy bacteria in the vagina, inflammation and a breakdown of natural barriers that keep the vagina healthy and protected from infections. Some menopausal women develop a condition called vaginal atrophy, which causes vaginal dryness, irritation, pain with sex, and itching. We are testing whether an estradiol tablet placed inside the vagina will lead to fewer changes in the types of bacteria present in the vagina, improve vaginal atrophy symptoms and ultimately keep the vagina healthier for a longer. This is important for women with HIV as they are living longer, healthier, sexually active lives due to successful treatment with antiretrovirals.

The hypothesis of this research is that oral iron prescribed in a single dose in alternate day could mitigate the side effects with regard to intestinal microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress and improve the hematological profile when compared to daily oral iron prescription

In this study the effects of a fibre dietary supplement on the gut microbiome in healthy adults will be investigated. For this purpose, a 14-day dietary supplementation with inulin or placebo (maltodextrin) will be carried out in healthy adults. The main objective of the study is to investigate inulin-induced changes in gut bacterial composition, bacterial gene expression, bacterial metabolite production and associated immune system changes.

My Baby Biome is an observational study that will use 600 infant stool samples to determine the biomarkers associated with a healthy infant gut. Biomarkers identified in this study will be used to develop precision probiotics and LBPs for improving infant gut health outcomes to the benefit of all infants. Parents will be asked to submit follow-up questionnaires regarding infant immune health to improve insights obtained from the data.

Shift workers are a growing population. It is well established that these workers face an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain debated. Various factors such as internal circadian desynchronization, unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, and lack of sleep interact in complex ways. Recently, it has been suggested that the gut microbiota (GM) may play an important role in this increased risk. The goal of this study is to describe the variations of the GM composition in shift workers across three different rotating weekly shifts (morning, afternoon, night) and to measure the impact of a 3- week walnuts supplementation intervention consisting in a controlled experimental study. Therefore, we propose a 6-weeks study including an observational and an experimental part. First, in the observational part, we will compare the gut microbiota of shift workers across three shifts (morning, afternoon and night). In the second part of the study, participants will add to their usual intakes a daily serving of nuts (30g). Again, we will compare the gut microbiota composition across the three types of shifts. During the study, participants will record their food intake, sleep and defecation time. We will also monitor their blood glucose levels continuously during the 4 first weeks of the study.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterised by an impairment of social interactions and communication, associated with repetitive behaviour and restrictive interests. Clinical phenotypes of this neurodevelopmental disorder are heterogeneous and surprisingly up to 70% of ASD patients have gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders, associated with ASD severity and influence by feeding disorders. Gut-brain axis seems to play a key role in neurodevelopment and ASD pathophysiology. Indeed an intestinal dysbiosis is observed in ASD, as well as intestinal inflammation and permeability. Aspecific inflammatory pattern suggests neuroinflammation processes in ASD. Neuroinflammation is involved in blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity and there are some arguments for a putative BBBimpairment in ASD. Nevertheless, no study has explored all together these parameters in ASD patients. Here we hypothesise that intestinal dysbiosis in ASD could lead to a BBB impairment through neuroinflammation processes. Furthermore, this association between intestinal dysbiosis and BBB impairment could be influenced by a lot of clinical characteristics, such as ASD severity or GI disorders presence. The principal aim of our study is to determine if the gut microbiota composition is associated with the BBB integrity in ASD. The secondary objectives are i) too identify in children with ASD some physiopathological pathways involved in this association, with a focus on associations betweenintestinal dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, intestinal permeability, the Th1/Th2 immune response, neuroinflammation and the BBB integrity; ii) to evaluate the influence of these associations on several clinical features of ASD such as ASD severity or GI disorders intensity; iii) to evaluate the influence of nutritional status on biological and clinical parameters. This study will assess a lot of clinical and biological parameters together, some of them were never explored in ASD children. It will allow to better understand ASD pathophysiology, to highlight new therapeutic pathway, and to promote personalised medicine.

Antimicrobial therapy can lead to disruption of the gut microbiome and infection with Clostridioides difficile, a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly. Drawing on observations that pet ownership and close contact with pets are protective against colonization with C. difficile and recurrence of C. difficile infection, the proposed study will test the hypothesis that microbiota that provide colonization resistance against C. difficile are shared between patients and their pets and that pet contact can mitigate antimicrobial-associated gut dysbiosis and the risk of C. difficile infection. This study will further define epidemiologic and pathophysiologic characteristics of C. difficile infection and gut microbiome dysbiosis that could enhance therapeutic options for these conditions, potentially through non-invasive interventions involving animal contact.

The investigators hypothesize that prolonged undernutrition in anorexia nervosa alters the microbiome to a different steady-state (dysbiotic) composition that sustains the disease, even after returning to normal diet. The investigators propose that transplanting a fully ecologically functioning GM from a healthy donor, through a FMT, can reboot the gut-brain-axis, ameliorate symptoms and improve clinical outcomes. To approach this, in the challenging AN patient group, the investigators want to conduct a FMT feasibility/pilot study.

The long-term study objective is to develop optimized nutritional therapies for surgery and test them in clinical practice. This pilot study will test a microbiome-optimization diet in colorectal cancer surgery patients. The study hypothesizes that the Bacterial Intestinal Gut Modification Around Cancer Surgery (BIG MACS) Diet will provide participants with increased microbiota accessible carbohydrates (MACs) to support the microbiome and improve outcomes.

The primary objective of this case-control study aims to explore the role of bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) with intestinal biopsy and faecal sampling in the initiation and the development of spondyloarthritis (SPA) in comparison with health control subjets (patients without chronic disease but have indication to digestive endoscopy).