Active clinical trials for "Dilatation, Pathologic"

To examine whether application of lidocaine spray in cervical preparation for second trimester dilatation and evacuation alleviates pain and is superior to current protocol of preparation without analgesia and superior to placebo. a double- blind, randomized, placebo- controlled trial, performed at a single tertiary medical center. Eligible participants aged 18 and older and about to undergo dilation & evacuation of the uterus between 12 to 24 weeks of gestation. Participants will be randomized using computer generated allocation to receive 10% Xylocaine (lidocaine group) spray or normal saline 0.9% (placebo group), applied identically topically to the endocervix and ectocervix before laminaria insertion. The primary outcome will be the participant's reported pain score immediately after the first laminaria was inserted as measured on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes wiil be reported pain scores at speculum removal, 15 minutes after speculum insertion and immediately before the D&E procedure.

The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the long tern safety and effectiveness of cross-linking in eyes with keratoconus and ectasia.

The purpose of this study is to determine ginger is effective in the prevention of abdominal distention in post Cesarean section patient.

Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange(THRIVE), or also termed high flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) is a method of supplying heated, humidified high concentrations of oxygen via nasal cavity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HFNO on gastric insufflation in paralyzed anesthetized patients undergoing laryngologic surgery.

This is the first head to head, prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing two different approaches of balloon dilation (standard versus progressive dilation) for benign esophageal strictures. A retrospective study on patients with benign esophageal strictures that underwent balloon dilation using the proposed technique found considerable symptomatic improvement in dysphagia. The proposed balloon dilation method is a novel approach that will require fewer sessions of dilation and use fewer balloon dilation catheters to achieve a maximum balloon diameter of 18mm and result in a significant symptomatic improvement.

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the safety and efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking performed with VibeX (riboflavin ophthalmic solution) and the KXL System as compared to placebo in impeding the progression of, and/or reducing, maximum corneal curvature.

The purpose of the study is to see if brighter lights will allow for shortening of the treatment time required to stabilize the eyes of patients with keratoconus or a bulging cornea. The investigators will be comparing the therapeutic effects of two different higher brightnesses of ultra violet light on a riboflavin treated eye. One light will be twice as bright as the other and the exposure time of these brighter lights to deliver equivalent energy to the cornea will be reduced from the standard 30 minutes to 10 and 5 minutes. Riboflavin is vitamin B2 and the investigators are trying to determine if an identical clinical effect can be achieved the brighter treatment lights are used for shorter times. The investigators will also monitor the clinical effect and the status of the cornea to see if additional risks are associated with the brighter light.

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) has been defined as localized or diffuse dilatation of epicardial coronary arteries more than 1.5 fold of adjacent normal segments. Isolated CAE constitutes minor portion of the total CAE cases, with an incidence of 0.1% to 0.79% in which coronary artery stenosis or severe valvular heart diseases are not present. CAE represents not only an anatomical variant but also a clinical constellation of coronary artery disease (CAD) like association with myocardial ischemia and acute coronary syndromes. Patients with CAE without significant coronary narrowing may still present with angina pectoris, positive stress tests, or acute coronary syndromes. Impaired epicardial and microvascular perfusion were demonstrated in ectatic coronary arteries. Myocardial blush grading (MBG) technique has been utilized in various conditions such as acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery ectasia, syndrome X and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to evaluate myocardial perfusion. There is still no consensus for management of CAE. Previously improvement of coronary flow has been demonstrated by mibefradil in patients with slow coronary flow. A new trial is needed to explore the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCB) in isolated CAE. Diltiazem improves myocardial perfusion by blocking calcium channels in coronary arteries. This agent has been widely used in coronary catheter labs to prevent and treat no-reflow. The current study with prospective design was therefore set up to assess whether epicardial flow and tissue level perfusion would be improved by diltiazem in myocardial regions subtended by the ectatic coronary arteries among patients with isolated CAE.

High Flow Heated and Humidified Nasal Oxygen therapy (HFHHNO) has been increasingly used in emergency medicine to assist patients with short term respiratory failure and to provide adequate oxygen to the body prior to intubation. Gastric distension which is the bloating of the stomach due to air being pumped into it is a concern for anesthesiologists as it increases the risk of nausea and vomiting during surgery (aspiration). The objective of this study is use an ultrasound machine to measure the volume of fluid in the stomach before and after HFNO is used in a standard clinical manner.

Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is one of the interventions in the radiology department in which pain control is necessary. Quadratus Lumborum (QL) block will be tried to limit the use of systemic analgesics and its accompanying untoward effects in those frail patients requiring PCN that is performed in the prone position.