Active clinical trials for "Brain Diseases"

Neurocognitive impairment is frequently observed in pediatric patients with meningoencephalitis (ME) and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) which represent two relevant central nervous system (CNS) diseases in pediatric patients. It is uncertain, if the the origin of the disease, located primarily in the CNS of patients with ME or secondarily in patients with SAE in the course of sepsis, is of importance for the severity of injury to the brain. Prospective clinical studies combining clinical and laboratory examinations including specific biomarkers of neuroaxonal injury were not performed in a comparative study. Biomarkers of neuroaxonal injury are therefore not only of great interest to detect and monitor neurocognitive impairment but also to quantify the severity of brain injury in patients with ME and SAE.

The HIV/HEART Aging study (HIVH) is an ongoing, prospective, multicentre trial that was conducted to assess the incidence, the prevalence and the clinical course of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in HIV-infected patients. The study population includes outpatients from specialized HIV-care units of the German Ruhr region, who were at least 18 years of age, were known to have a HIV-infection and exhibited a stable disease status within 4 weeks before inclusion into the trial. From March 2004 (Pilot phase) to October 2019 (12,5 year Follow-up) 1806 HIV+ patients were recruited in a consecutive manner. The standardised examinations included a targeted assessment of medical history and physical examination. Blood was drawn for comprehensive laboratory tests including HIV specific parameters (CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA levels) and cardiovascular items (lipid concentrations, BNP values and renal parameters). Furthermore, non-invasive tests were performed during the initial visit, including additional heart rate and blood pressure measurements, electrocardiogram (ECGs) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Examinations were completed in accordance with previously defined standard operating procedures. CVD were defined as coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure or cardiac vitium.

HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by widespread telangiectases that can involve several organs including the intestinal tract and the liver. Liver involvement by HHT is characterized by widespread diffuse liver vascular malformations that give origin to arteriovenous, arterioportal and portovenous shunts. The prevalence of hepatic involvement in HHT can reach 78%. Less commonly, patients may also develop porto-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). However, there are no studies on the possibility that patients with HHT might develop mHE, a highly plausible hypothesis considering the presence of diffuse macroscopic and microscopic porto-systemic shunt in this pathological condition.

The purpose of this study is to develop a novel noninvasive bedside optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technique in newborn infants with HIE that improves our ability to assess the range of retinal effects from HIE and to diagnose and monitor treatments of HIE.

The goals of the project are to evaluate a noninvasive monitor of brain metabolism and blood flow in critically ill humans. If validated, such a reliable noninvasive brain blood flow and metabolism monitor, by allowing physiologic and pharmacologic decisions based on real-time brain physiology, potentially will become an important tool for clinicians in their efforts to prevent additional brain tissue death in patients admitted with stroke, brain hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of umbilical cord milking in depressed neonates at birth for prevention of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

The goal of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of Dotarem enhanced MRI in pediatric and neonatal population who are referred for contrast enhanced MRI at Phoenix Children's Hospital.

The purpose of this study is to collect and compare information regarding the treatment and outcome of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease who are receiving either drug or nondrug treatment. Information will be collected from patients and their primary caregivers.

The objective of this study is to document the outcome at 2-3 years of age of participants of the TOBY Xe trial, to provide preliminary information about the later clinical effects of treatment with Xenon gas combined with moderate hypothermia following perinatal asphyxia. The TOBY Xe trial was a randomised controlled trial of inhaled xenon gas combined with hypothermia for the treatment of perinatal asphyxia. The trial primary outcome was changes on magnetic resonance parameters examined prior to discharge from hospital. Continuing clinical follow-up of trial participants is important following any therapeutic trial and is essential in early phase trials where information on the clinical effects of the intervention are lacking. Therefore, we have set up this study to determine the major clinical and neurological outcomes of participants of the TOBY Xe trial and to determine whether the magnetic resonance parameters in that trial are qualified to predict outcome following neural rescue therapy. This information is necessary for planning further studies of this intervention.

Uremic encephalopathy is an organic brain disorder may be frequently seen in patients with acute or chronic renal failure. Certain neurological symptoms can be found under clinical glomerular filtration rate of 15 ml/minutes. The above mentioned neurological disorders can be due to uremic toxins as well as many other reasons such as metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, inflammation, or oxidative stress. Most frequent symptoms are impaired consciousness, lethargy, cranial nerve involvement, nystagmus, dysarthria, and even coma and death. Brain tissue may receive damage and some secondary biomarkers may appear in case BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) level is >175 mg/dl together with neuroinflammation. Although hemodialysis is a temporary solution in terms of treatment, these symptoms may be reversible in the long-run with organ transplantation. A rigorous neurological assessment before transplantation is important for identifying the severity and distribution of the neurological disorder as well as defining the abnormalities that are responding to the current treatments and foreseeing potential postoperative prognosis. S100β is excreted by astrocytes in brain damage cases. S100β level rises when brain damage starts, thus it may be used in the prognosis of brain damage in its early period. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) functions as intracytoplasmic enzyme and serum level rises in neuron damage. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), on the other hand, is the intermediary filament cytoskeleton protein found in astrocytes. It has the same root structure with S100β. The purpose of this study is to assess neurological damage by looking at the levels of S100β, NSE and GFAP in patients who underwent kidney transplantation and to analyze the impacts on the prognosis.