Active clinical trials for "Endocarditis"

Study hypothesis: 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT could detect cardiac foci of infective endocarditis regardless of the type of valve (native or prosthetic) and also extracardiac localizations related to this pathology (infection responsible, peripheral emboli, ...). This study is a proof of concept with low population

: Evidence suggested that autologous or allogeneic tissue is more suitable to synthetic material in an infected field. Given the unwillingness of some surgeons to use artificial foreign materials, such as conventional mechanical or stent xenograft valve prostheses, cryopreserved aortic homografts (CAH) have been recommended revealing favorable outcomes in aortic valve endocarditis (AVE) surgery (1-5). This aspect is even more evident in cases involving prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and other complex and aggressive lesions involving the aortic root and intervalvular fibrosa with abscess formation. However, most of these reports are fixed on single-arm observational studies without comparing CAH with conventional prostheses. The key question of this study is to establish the difference in treatment failure (death, recurrent aortic valve regurgitation and reoperation), all-cause and cause-specific (cardiac vs noncardiac) mortality, hospitalizations for heart failure during follow-up (structural/non structural valve deterioration, thromboembolism and recurrent endocarditis) in patients who received the CAH vs conventional mechanical or stent xenograft valve prostheses for aortic valve replacement (AVR) secondary to infective endocarditis (IE)

Intraluminal thrombi adherent to cardiac valves or atria share a common pathophysiology involving the aggregation of activated platelets with phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the outer layer of the thrombus. They also share common complications, i.e. damages to the underlying myocardium and embolic risk related to thrombus fragmentation. The diagnostic work-up, currently relying on morphologic imaging alone (mainly echography), lacks sensitivity and does not allow to differentiate between active (renewal and growth activity) and quiescent (scarred) thrombus. It is therefore highly desirable to develop a new approach able to non-invasively provide insight on the biological activity of thrombi and to detect embolic events in a single exam. Annexin V is a 36 kDa endogenous glycoprotein which binds PS with nanomolar affinity. Radiolabeled Annexin V has been shown to provide molecular imaging of PS expressed by apoptotic cells or activated platelets. The ability of the imaging agent to bind mural thrombus has been established in vivo in a murine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm and ex vivo in human. It has been also shown that radiolabeled Annexin V allowed in vivo detection of vegetations and secondary pulmonary emboli with high sensitivity in various animal models of infective endocarditis. A radiolabeling kit of annexin V complying with GMP requirements has been developed (rhAnnexine V-128, Advanced Accelerator Applications - Atreus) and is currently available. AnniE is a single centre, proof of concept, interventional, open, non-randomized study aiming at evaluating the sensitivity of 99mTc-Annexin V-128 in the detection thrombus in comparison with reference imaging in patients presenting with either: 1/ infective endocarditis or 2/ atrial thrombus. The safety of the 99mTc-Annexin V-128 will be assessed in a first phase (10 first patients enrolled). Data in relation with safety of the imaging agent will be reviewed by an independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB); in case of positive answer, the study will continue with a second phase. The data gathered in all patients (n=120) will be used to determine outcome measures.

In patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and pathological valvular FDG uptake on the initial FDG-PET and not referred to valve replacement at the acute phase, the study will assess whether FDG-PET is able to identify those at increased risk of PVE relapse.

Although controversy exists regarding the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at risk of infective endocarditis, expert committees continue to publish recommendations for antibiotic prophylactic regimens. Recently, the investigators have evaluated the efficacy of the intravenous administration of 1000/200 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate for the prevention of bacteraemia following dental extractions. The results of this study suggest that is highly effective, and that it might be considered a first-line choice for patients at high-risk for infective endocarditis who undergo dental procedures and for whom antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended. This new project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of oral amoxicillin/clavulanate in preventing post-dental extraction bloodstream infection.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) of CF-301 in addition to background standard of care (SOC) antibacterial therapy for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bloodstream infections (bacteremia), including endocarditis in adults. Patients will be randomized to receive a single intravenous dose of CF-301 or placebo in addition to SOC antibacterial therapy. Patients will be prescribed standard of care antibiotics selected by the investigators based on their professional experience, practice guidelines and local antibiotic susceptibility information for the treatment of S. aureus bacteremia. CF-301 is a lysin and member of a new class of targeted protein-based antimicrobials that has demonstrated activity against S. aureus in laboratory (in vitro) and animal studies, alone and in addition to conventional antibiotics.

The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of daptomycin, an antibiotic, to standard therapy in subjects who have infective endocarditis or bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of cardiac CT versus TEE in endocarditis patients.

The study evaluates the efficacy and safety of fosfomycin and imipenem for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphyloccocus aureus infective endocarditis in comparison to vancomycin, the standard therapy.

Background Current management of infective endocarditis include admission and treatment with parenteral antibiotics for 4 weeks - 6 weeks. Resource demands and psychological issues of present management strategy make it highly relevant to seek for alternative more lenient alternatives. Experiences with oral treatment are only sporadically described, but observational data suggest that oral treatment could be a feasible option. The investigators have in 2010 treated 12 endocarditis patients with partial oral antibiotics with a 100% success rate. Study design The POET study is a Danish multicenter, prospective, randomized, open label study. The primary aim is to show non-inferiority of partial oral treatment with antibiotics of endocarditis compared to full parenteral treatment. Stable patients (n=400) with streptococci, staphylococci or enterococci infecting the mitral valve or the aortic valve will be included. After a minimum of 10 days of parenteral treatment, patients will be randomized to oral therapy or parenteral therapy. Special recommendations for oral treatment have been developed based on expected minimal inhibitory concentrations and pharmacokinetic calculations. Patients will be followed for 6 months after completion of antibiotic therapy. The primary endpoint is a composition of all cause mortality, unplanned cardiac surgery, embolic events and relapse of positive blood cultures with the primary pathogen.