Active clinical trials for "Seizures"

The Electro-Convulsion-Therapy (ECT) is a well accepted treatment option in severe depression. The quality of ECT is evaluated basing on minimal seizure duration (>15sec), the sympathic response and the postictal EEG-suppression. For the treatment general anaesthesia is needed. On the other hand anaesthesia strongly influences the quality of the seizure. The goal is to find an anaesthesia-depth that is needed for the well-being of the patient and allows a good ECT. In daily routine the dose of anesthetic agents and the assesment of anesthesia-depth is based on the subjective estimation of the anesthetist and also on ealier interventions. The aim of the study is to assess any correlation between measured anesthesia-depth using the Narcotrend TM and the Quality of the ECT.

This international research project looks at the reliability of canine seizure alerting behaviour in epilepsy patients. In the first stage an international database to identify the size and composition of the population of seizure alerting dogs has been created.

Electroencephalography (EEG) records electric activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG is an important tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with epilepsy. Specific types of sharp EEG discharges (epileptiform discharges) are associated with patients with epilepsy. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) has recently published a set of six operational criteria for identifying epileptiform discharges. At least four criteria need to be present in order to classify a discharge as epileptiform. These criteria are largely based on expert opinion and have not been validated yet. It is not clear what the sensitivity and specificity of these criteria are, and which combination of these criteria are optimal. Each criterion is based on visual assessment. However, it is not known what the inter-rater agreement of these criteria are. EEG is traditionally inspected in sensor space, i.e. in the recording channels. Advances in signal analysis made possible reconstructing the electric currents in the regions of the brain generating them, and displaying the signals in the source space, instead of the sensor space. The objectives of this study are: to determine the inter-rater agreement of the IFCN criteria by visual analysis in sensor space, to determine the combination of criteria with the best accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and assess the accuracy of evaluating the discharges in source space. The raters will analyze EEG recordings from 100 patients, from two groups: consecutive patients with epilepsy and consecutive patients with non-epileptic paroxysmal episodes. EEG was recorded during long-term video-EEG monitoring. As reference standard, the investigators used the evaluation of the patients´ habitual clinical episode. The performance of the criteria in sensor-space and the analysis in source space will be compared with the unrestricted expert scorings.

Febrile seizures(FS) are the most common neurological disorder in chilhood and are a great stress for parents due to their dramatic clinical appearance. Using HRC-test(test for determination of homozygously recessive characteristics in humans) we analyzed presence, distribution, and individual combination of 20 selected genetically controlled morpho-physiological traits among FS patients and control to determine a possible deviation in the homozygosity level and genetic loads in the group of affected children and whether there is a predisposition to the occurrence of FS.

In this study we aim to investigate the relationship between our anesthesia practice and post procedure complications after MRI scanning with sedation. This is a retrospective, single center observational study. All patients undergoing MRI scan during the study period will be included.

The investigators aim to determine the feasibility of using the Medtronic LINQ device for epilepsy diagnosis, monitoring and management. The feasibility will be determined by comparing EEG signals from the LINQ system to the gold standard clinical recordings. If seizures can be identified using the LINQ device with the same level of accuracy as adjacent scalp EEG recording electrodes, then the LINQ will be deemed feasible.

The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of nonconvulsive seizures after cardiac surgery using an electroencephalogram or EEG, which records brainwaves through the scalp.

The aim of the proposed research is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a portable wireless electroencephalography (EEG) device (Biosignal Micro-EEG) to standard EEG in identifying abnormal EEG patterns (mainly non-convulsive seizure and non-convulsive status epilepticus) in emergency department (ED) patients with altered mental status. Comparing the the accuracy of EEG recordings and interpretations of Micro-EEG to those of standard EEG will allow the investigators to assess the utility of this novel device in the ED patients with altered mental status. The unique qualities of Micro-EEG device could potentially facilitate easier access to EEG test in all ED patients. This study will also provide valid information regarding the prevalence of non-convulsive seizure in ED patients with altered mental status.The gold standard for diagnosing non-convulsive seizure would be standard EEG. All study participants will undergo electroencephalography using the two devices (standard EEG and micro-EEG) and a combination of standard electrodes and Electro-Cap in a randomized order: 1. Standard EEG with standard EEG electrodes, 2. Micro-EEG with standard EEG electrodes, and 3. Micro-EEG with Electro-Cap electrodes.

Pessaries are mechanical support devices worn vaginally to treat the symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as vaginal pressure or a vaginal bulge. Pessaries are one of the options along with surgery and expectant management for pelvic organ prolapse. As the aging population grows, more patients will need treatment for pelvic organ prolapse. Various studies have been conducted previously to identify patient parameters predictive of successful pessary fitting and continued use. Our study is a retrospective chart review to identify patient characteristics predictive of successful pessary fitting and use, specifically focusing on the parameters of POPQ, pelvic organ prolapse quantification exam, and the ratio of the genital hiatus, which is the length of the vaginal opening, and total vaginal length.

Background: An absence seizure is a type of seizure that usually begins in childhood and goes away by early adulthood. Scientists do not yet know where absence seizures begin in the brain. Some evidence suggests that these seizures begin in the thalamus, a structure deep in the brain, but other studies suggest that they begin in the frontal cortex, at the front part of the brain. Magnetoencephalography is a type of brain scanning procedure that is useful in determining information about what happens to the brain during epileptic seizures. Understanding where absence seizures come from may help doctors find new treatments for them. Objectives: To gain a better understanding of which parts of the brain are affected in absence seizures. Eligibility: Patients 7 to 35 years of age who have been diagnosed with absence seizures. Design: Procedures are for research purposes only, not to diagnose or treat a particular medical condition. Two outpatient visits to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center: evaluation and scanning. Researchers will evaluate potential participants with a medical history, physical examination, and electroencephalography (EEG). These tests will be performed under another protocol, 01-N-0139. Patients will undergo magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The study procedures will be performed one time; however, an MEG or MRI scan may need to be repeated for technical reasons. Researchers will not do more than two MEG or MRI scans. The MEG will record very small magnetic field changes produced by the activity of the brain. An EEG will be recorded at the same time as the MEG. The MRI will use a magnetic field to take pictures of the inside of the brain. The MEG will take 3 hours to complete (2 hours for preparation, 1 hour in the scanner). The MRI will take approximately 1 hour.