Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

COVID-19 causes a wide spectrum of clinical illness, from upper respiratory symptoms to severe respiratory failure and death. Several plasma biomarkers -such as IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and ferritin, among others- have been studied as markers of disease severity and prognosis. Besides, as alveolar damage biomarkers such as Surfactant protein D (SP-D), Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), and soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation end products (sRAGE) can be used in lung diseases as well as COVID-19 pneumonia. The investigators hypothesized that serum SP-D, KL-6 and sRAGE levels increases in the setting of COVID-19 pneumonia. In this prospective study the investigators aimed to determine the clinical value of serum KL-6, SP-D and sRAGE levels as a prognostic marker in children with COVID-19 patients. In the literature review, it has been determined that there is no study conducted or published in pediatric patients for this purpose, and it is aimed that our study will be a pioneer study on this subject.

Children with pneumonia presenting to the emergency department at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt or Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh will be potentially eligible for study. During intervention periods, providers caring for enrolled children will be presented with a detailed decision support strategy that emphasizes management in accordance with national guideline recommendations. The anticipated study duration is 24 months and, as this study does not include direct contact with enrolled subjects, there is no anticipated follow up.

High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy is an upcoming and beneficial modality for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). To evaluate whether early use of HFNO in pneumonia patients with (AHRF) can reduce the need for invasive ventilation.

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a recognized healthcare-associated infection in lungs parenchyma that occurs in patients in which they are connected to mechanical ventilator. And this infection will occur after completing 48 hours of connection to the ventilator. Aim study aims to evaluate the effect of implementing VAP prevention bundle training program on nurses' knowledge and compliance among nurses in intensive care unit in Salmaniya Medical complex in Bahrain. Methodology: A quantitative quasi- experimental study was conducted in the main ICU of Salmaniya Medical complex in Bahrain. Purposive sampling technique was used, and 58 ICU staff nurses were enrolled at data collection period. Tools used for data collection was a self-administrative questionnaire to assess ICU nurses' knowledge and observational checklist was used to assess their compliance. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics

Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is the leading cause of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide in the very young and the elderly. Although pneumococcal vaccines exist, they do not provide complete protection and new strategies to combat this pathogen are urgently needed. Asymptomatic infection of S. pneumoniae in the human nasopharynx precedes the development of pneumococcal disease. Previously, an Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage (EHPC) model has been developed at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM). The current study entails to establish this model in healthy adults living in the Netherlands using the inoculation dose currently used at LSTM. Healthy adult participants (M/F) will be inoculated intranasally with strain BHN418, a penicillin sensitive serotype 6B strain of S. pneumoniae that was previously isolated from a healthy carrier. Following inoculation, participants will be monitored and blood and nasal samples will be collected over a period of 28 ± 3 days. Participants will receive a course of amoxicillin to eradicate infection on or shortly after the last visit at day 28 ± 3, unless S. pneumoniae is not detected on both day 14 and 28 ± 3 post-inoculation.

In Pakistan, pneumonia and recurrent wheeze in children under five pose significant threats to children's health. Despite being preventable, more than 90,000 children die each year due to pneumonia in Pakistan, making it one of the top five countries in the world, with the highest pneumonia related childhood mortality. The predisposing factors which lead to these illnesses include lack of hygiene, lack of immunization, overcrowding, household air pollution, smoking, and poverty. Prompt recognition and timely initiation of treatment is imperative in children under five with pneumonia and recurrent wheeze and failure to do so can lead to complications and death. In children under five, among the causes of death due to these diseases, one is delayed care seeking. It has been identified that around 38% of deaths due to respiratory illnesses occur in households due to this delayed care seeking which is defined as delay in care sought for an illness outside home.

Despite the efficacy of modern treatment, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the the leading cause of death. Prognostic scores have been developed to estimate the risk of adverse outcome. Several serum biomarkers have been also investigated in patients with CAP. A growing number of echocardiographic markers have been evaluated as possible predictors of prognosis in patients with pulmonary and infectious diseases such as sepsis, septic shock, human immunodeficiency virus infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As echocardiography is a non-invasive, reliable, cost-effective, and reproducible diagnostic tool to evaluate cardiac function and structures, the investigators aimed to investigate left and right ventricular functions and aortic elastic properties in CAP patients. Furthermore, the investigators also aimed to observe relationships between echocardiographic findings and inflammatory and cardiac serum biomarkers in patients with CAP.

This epidemiological study investigates the association of recent stroke, acute coronary syndrome or pneumonia and adverse perioperative outcomes following elective non-cardiac and cardiac surgery using routinely collected UK primary and secondary care patient data.

This study will measure the effect of anemia on the outcomes of hospitalized children with severe pneumonia.

Pneumonia commonly complicates stroke and has a profound impact on clinical outcomes. Accurate and timely diagnosis of pneumonia complicating stroke remains a major challenge as several issues potentially confound diagnosis. Chest X-ray (CXR), a central component in the diagnostic work-up, may have limited utility in the early stages as they are often of suboptimal quality, and infrequently confirm typical diagnostic infiltrates. Blood biomarkers of the stress-immune response have received considerable attention, but interpretation has been limited by differing methodologies, including definition of pneumonia. Bacterial organisms in the oral cavity may also be of relevance as biomarkers of post-stroke pneumonia. Major challenges facing frontline clinicians are therefore whether to initiate antibiotics; if so, when and for how long. These issues have antibiotic stewardship implications for clinicians in terms of potential for under-treatment or over-treatment with antibiotics based on CXR appearances. Pulmonary Computed Tomography (CT) could be of value as a radiological reference standard when pneumonia is suspected after stroke, and enable more rigorous evaluation of the diagnostic performance of CXR (and other candidate biomarkers) to inform decision-making when pneumonia is suspected. The overall primary aim is therefore to investigate the feasibility and reliability of using pulmonary CT as a radiological reference standard for evaluating suspected pneumonia complicating stroke. The secondary aims are to explore the diagnostic accuracy of CXR and blood biomarkers (index tests) when pneumonia is suspected during hospital admission after stroke using pulmonary CT as a reference standard.