Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

Imipenem is a carbapenem antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This agent is often used as the last line of therapy for highly resistant Gram negative bacilli nosocomial infections. In common with other beta-lactamase inhibitor, the main pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index that correlates with the therapeutic efficacy is the time that concentrations in the tissue and serum are above the MIC and administration by continuous infusion is the preferred mode of administration to maximize this parameter. However, in tropical countries, the stability of carbapenem antibiotics is an important consideration when considering continuous infusion. Therefore, prolonged infusion may be a useful mode of administration to maximize bactericidal activity. This study will demonstrate the stability of imipenem in clinical use at room temperature in tropical countries.

This study is planned to compare, in patients sedated, intubated and mechanically ventilated, the efficacy and safety of the Lateral Trendelenburg position in comparison to the Semirecumbent Position to prevent incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

The duration of treatment of community acquired pulmonary infection varies between 5 and 14 days according to the authors (22), or even 3 days with new drugs having long half-life (2). For nosocomial pulmonary infection, treatment durations are not standardized (5). It is simply mentioned the concept of "usual" treatment of at least 15 days. However, recent studies used 10 days of treatment without significant decrease in the rate of healing compared to usual treatment. It is essential to clarify the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment. Indeed, any excessive extension of treatment may increase the occurrence of adverse effects (renal toxicities, hepatic...), and induce resistance of bacteria to antibiotics (selection pressure), colonization of the patient by Multiresistant bacteria and an increase in the cost of treatment

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of oral amoxicillin in treating WHO defined severe pneumonia(cough and fast breathing with lower chest indrawing) at home and at hospital using an open labelled multicentric prospective two-arm randomized clinical trial to determine the differences in failure of treatment with a 7 day course of oral amoxicillin administered for first 48 hours in the hospital in comparison to being sent home after enrolment, in children 3 to 59 months old who have severe pneumonia. The investigators developmental hypothesis were to test whether the community/home based oral amoxicillin is efficacious for treating severe pneumonia.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether vitamin A can improve survival and facilitate recovery from sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in hospitalized neonates.

Background In preparation for a global influenza pandemic, there is an urgent need for representative data from populations and settings where the pandemic is most likely to arise. There are no data on oseltamivir efficacy from Asian urban slum populations concerning duration of illness and viral shedding, nor whether efficacy depends on starting treatment < 48 hours or ≥ 48 hours after illness onset. Finally, there are no data on the capacity of the drug, in such settings, to affect household and community transmission rates. Aims and Objectives This proposal aims to compare the duration of clinical illness among patients treated with oseltamivir vs placebo < 48 hours and ≥ 48 hours after illness onset. It will compare the duration of viral shedding among all treatment groups vs placebo, risk of transmission to household contacts by treatment group and whether neuraminidase inhibitor use creates resistance. Secondarily it aims to measure the effect on influenza. Design and Methods A double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial design among a population in an urban slum under current influenza disease burden surveillance will be enrolled. Infection status will be confirmed by rRT-PCR. Patients ≥ 1 year old will be randomised to < 48 hour and ≥ 48 hour treatment arms. Family members and neighbours will also be assessed by PCR and a basic reproductive number calculated (R0). Relevance These findings will address whether oseltamivir can affect illness duration and severity, affect transmission, incidence and resistance in high risk urban Asian settings where a pandemic is most likely to arise.

The purpose of this study is to assess if a therapy with oral and intravenous moxifloxacin is as effective as a therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone + intravenous azithromycin followed by oral amoxicilline/clavulanate and oral clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

The purpose of this study is to assess the tolerability and efficacy of inhaled theophylline (ADC4022) on markers of pulmonary inflammation (white blood cells) in induced sputum and in bronchial biopsy samples in subjects with moderate to severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) when co-administered with budesonide and compared to placebo.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether RX-1741, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, is safe and effective in the treatment of mild to moderate community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

The study was performed to confirm that a single, 2.0 g oral dose of azithromycin sustained release (SR) at least as effective as 7 days of clarithromycin extended release (ER), 1.0 g by mouth once daily, when used to treat adults with mild to moderate community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and that both treatments were safe.