Active clinical trials for "Eye Diseases"

The choroid, which is located between the retina and the sclera, is a connective tissue layer that is densely packed with blood vessels and is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the retina's periphery. One of the primary functions of the choroid is to support the metabolism of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of retinal disorders, including age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, and high myopia-associated chorio retinal atrophies. Because choroidal alteration has a fundamental role in the development and progression of these diseases, choroidal thickness provides comprehensive information to physicians. For the study of the choroid, researchers have used ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging MRI, and Doppler laser, but these methods have limited utility due to a lack of resolution. Contrary to this, indocyanine green (ICG) angiography provides valuable clinical information but does not provide cross-sectional images of the choroid for in vivo research studies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained in popularity in clinical and experimental ophthalmology over the last decade as a way to acquire detailed, three-dimensional images of the retina . Imaging the entire choroid, on the other hand, has proven to be more difficult due to the significant decline in signal strength beyond the RPE prompted by the pigment in the RPE and choroid and light scattering in the vasculature. The development of improved depth imaging (EDI) by Spaide et al. opened the door to quantitative choroid assessment. Choroid imaging is currently possible using one of two optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques: (1) spectral-domain (SD) OCT utilizing standard light sources using EDI, and (2) swept-source (SS) OCT using a long wavelength light .A 1 m-band light source is used in SS-OCT, which penetrates deeper into the retino choroidal tissues and so optimizes the resolution. To better visualize retinal and choroidal changes, SS-OCT can concurrently display a focused image of both the retina and the choroid. This renders it an accurate technology for assessing choroidal thickness. Such findings of choroidal thickness changes revealed that the choroid and choroidal thickness may be important attributes in the evaluation of ocular pathology. To properly understand the scientific value of these potential choroidal thickness variations, it would appear that comprehensive and systematic normative values for choroidal thickness are fundamental.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality, first described in 1991, that provides cross-sectional images of the eye in a non-invasive manner. OCT is analogous to ultrasonography but measures the "echoes" of light waves rather than sound and, as a result, generates extremely high-resolution images (~5 μm axial resolution). Although OCT has already proven revolutionary in ophthalmology, current OCT systems are large, expensive, and require skilled personnel for image acquisition and interpretation. Furthermore, current OCT systems are limited to examination of specific regions of single eyes - for example, separate devices are typically required for anterior segment (e.g., cornea) versus posterior segment (e.g., retina) imaging. A new form of OCT imaging has recently been developed - so-called "binocular" optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Envision Diagnostics, Inc., California).1,2 Binocular OCT addresses many of the short-comings of conventional OCT devices. Binocular OCT extends the application of OCT devices beyond that of simple, cross- sectional imaging to a diverse array of diagnostic tests. The binocular design also removes the need for additional personnel to perform testing (i.e., the device can be self-operated in an automated manner), and allows for novel testing to be performed that is not possible with monocular imaging. In particular, binocular OCT devices have the potential to perform automated, quantitative pupillary measurements - an entirely novel application for this imaging modality, plus also adds a number of unique capabilities. In particular, binocular OCT removes the need for additional personnel to acquire the images by enabling patients to align the optical axes of the instrument with the optical axes of their own eyes. The system also employs recently developed "swept-source" lasers as its light source, allowing it to see deeper into the eye than conventional OCT systems. Finally, binocular OCT systems allow image capture from both eyes at the same time. This "simultaneous" ocular imaging extends the range of diagnostic testing possible, allowing for features such as pupillometry and ocular motility. The greatly increased range of imaging for these lasers enables the entire depth of eye tissue to be captured in just a few sequences of images - so- called "whole eye" OCT or "OCT ophthalmoscopy". In this study, the investigators aim to explore the unique imaging features of the binocular OCT to describe novel features across a range of diseases. The repeatability of quantifying various parameters in the images acquired using the system will be assessed.

The dysthyroid orbitopathy (DO) is a chronic disease, evolving during 2 to 3 years, with a hypertrophy and a variable degree of inflammation of the eyelid muscles, the oculomotor muscles and the orbital fat. If the diagnosis of OD is primarily clinical and laboratory, MRI is an additional contribution to the clinic, guiding the therapeutic management by detecting inflammatory lesions not found on clinical examination in 1/3 of cases. The three MRI sequences conventionally practiced ((T2, T2-fat-sat, T1) allow muscles signal analysis oculomotor abnormalities as well as the orbital fat. Compared to these sequences, the main advantage sequences DIXON is a faster acquisition. In addition, DIXON type of imaging overcomes most of these artifacts and to obtain a homogeneous fat removal.

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause for severe visual loss in the elderly and represents an unmet need. So far no treatment is available for geographic atrophy (GA), which represents the advanced dry form characterized by expanding areas of outer retinal atrophy with corresponding absolute scotoma. The foveal retina may be spared until late in the course of the disease, a phenomenon termed "foveal sparing". However, the disease process ultimately also involves the central retina leading to irreversible loss of central vision. While the natural history of eyes with GA has been extensively studied with regard to the entire atrophic area, morphology-function analyses for "foveal sparing" GA in particular are still missing. Such data are needed for various purposes including the future use in interventional pharmacological trials aiming to slow the progression of GA and to preserve the foveal retina. In this study, different imaging modalities for accurate detection and quantification of preserved foveal retinal areas will be assessed.

Collect OCT data to evaluate the range and age trend of eye measurements.

This study will evaluate and provide standard treatments for people with various eye conditions. It will provide a resource for enrollment into new research protocols throughout the Eye Institute and will allow institute specialists the opportunity to maintain their expertise and gain additional knowledge of the course of various eye disorders. The information obtained will allow for the evaluation of standard treatments and may lead to ideas for future research. People with diagnosed or undiagnosed eye disease and first-degree relatives of people with a genetic or developmental eye disease may be eligible for this study. Participants are evaluated and treated in the National Eye Institute. Blood or other tissue samples (e.g., urine, stool, hair, saliva or cheek swab) may be collected for future laboratory studies.

This study offers evaluation and treatment for patients with inherited (genetic) eye diseases. The protocol is not designed to test new treatments; rather, patients will receive current standard of care treatments. The purpose of the study is twofold: 1) to allow National Eye (NEI) Institute physicians to increase their knowledge of various genetic eye diseases, identify possible new avenues of research in this area, and maintain their clinical skills; and 2) to establish a pool of patients who may be eligible for new studies as they are developed. (Participants in this protocol will not be required to join a new study; the decision will be voluntary.) Children and adults with genetic eye diseases may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical and family history, thorough eye examination and blood test. The eye examination includes measurements of eye pressure and visual acuity (ability to see the vision chart) and dilation of the pupils with eye drops to examine the lens and retina (back part of the eye). Patients may also undergo additional diagnostic tests needed to determine eligibility for other NEI studies, including routine laboratory testing, imaging, questionnaires, a physical examination, and other standard and specialized tests and procedures as needed. In addition, patients will have special photographs taken of the eye to document the clarity or opacity of the eye lens. They will also undergo a procedure called electroretinography to assess the eye's response to bright lights. For this procedure, the eye is numbed with anesthetic drops and a contact lens is placed in the eye. The patient looks inside a large, hollow sphere and sees flashes of light, first in darkness and then in light. The contact lenses sense small electrical signals generated by the retina. Patients who need medical care will be given appropriate standard medical treatment. Those who are found eligible for a research study will be recommended for participation in that study and taken off this one. Participants will be followed at least 3 years. Follow-up visits are scheduled according to the standard of care for the individual patient's eye problem. Patients in this protocol will probably have 1 to 3 follow-up visits per year.

This is an observational, retrospective postmarket clinical follow-up study and includes all patients who underwent any ophthalmic surgery using Dafilon® suture in the selected centres between 2018 and 2020, therefore no sample size can be given but the planned sample size shall be at least 200 eyes (around 100 patients depending on the number of operated eyes per patient) to conduct meaningful subgroup analysis.

DED could result in visual disturbance and damage optical quality. We aimed to evaluate the influences of dry eye disease (DED) on optical quality and their correlations.

To investigate the presence of SARS-nCoV-2 in the tear film of symptomatic and pauci-symptomatic SARS-nCoV-2 positive patients.