Active clinical trials for "Eye Diseases"

The ophthalmology clientele is vulnerable in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of their age and comorbidities. Specifically, elderly patients aged 65 and above with glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy require regular follow-ups and commonly suffer from additional comorbidities. Further, because of the proximity between the patient and health care personnel during ophthalmological examinations, the risk of infection during visits is significant. The delicate balance between the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and visual loss in delaying cases is a psychological stressor to both patients and clinicians. A cross-sectional study accumulating the data of 425 patients aged 65 and above with various eye diseases will be conducted. Participants will be presented with a set of online questionnaires designed to collect data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), vision-related quality of life (VRQOL), depression symptoms, anxiety, sleep quality, community integration, and their experience with tele-consultations. Data on their delay in medical and surgical follow-up and treatment will also be collected through medical chart reviews. This study can help quantify the collateral impact of the COVID-19 beyond the direct impact of the virus, to improve future quality of care guidelines on non-COVID-19 conditions, and to help plan patient prioritization once restrictions are eased.

During cataract operations a capsulorhexis is being performed. This is done in order to enable the removal of lens material while keeping the capsule intact in order to put inside the lens capsule an artificial intra ocular lens. The capsulorhexis must be round and with regular edge and no tears. While performing a cataract surgery we use phako emulsification machine that sends an ultrasonic wave that creaks the lens nucleus and at the same time irrigates the anterior chamber of the eye and sucks the fluid and the lens material of the creaked lens. The round shape and the regularity of the capsulorhexis are a must in these surgeries since the lens capsule must stay intact and stable in order to enable the phacoemulsification and the implant of the artificial lens. Today capsulorhexis are done with a bent needle or with special forceps; the act of capsulorhexis is delicate, sometime un predicted and difficult to teach. The learning curve is relatively long and difficult. The proposed device enables a capsulorhexis which is round and has regular edges, done almost automatically and is predicted. The learning curve is short and easy. The capsulorhexis is done through the original operating wound with no need to widen it.

New anticancer therapies based on lifting the inhibition of the immunological synapse are used in the therapeutic arsenal of a growing number of neoplasias (melanoma, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc.). These "immune check points" inhibitors "(ICPI) target molecules that usually allow immunity to destroy malignant cells. At the systemic level, this results in a loss of immune homeostasis and facilitation of the inflammatory response which may be responsible for dysimmune manifestations distant from the neoplastic site. Thus, since their introduction, ICPIs have been of interest to immunologists, rheumatologists and internists who often find themselves in the first line to deal with this type of side effect (immunotherapy-related adverse events, IRAEs). The frequency of these ARIs between 70% and 90%, depending on the immunotherapy used and the severity of these ARIIs (grade 1-2 vs. 3-5). The overall increase in the number of cancers, the multiplication of available molecules and the expansion of their indications should exponentially increase the number of IRAEs to be supported. Little is known about the epidemiology, risk factors and efficacy of treatments. In these IRAEs, inflammatory ophthalmological manifestations have been described with an estimated prevalence of between 0.4 and 1% of the patients treated. These attacks are rare and protean (uveitis, scleritis, retinitis, inflammatory orbitopathies, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada -like…) and reported most often in the form of clinical cases. The Main objective is to describe the inflammatory ophthalmic disorders linked to anti-cancer immunotherapy.

Children due for elective eye surgery in propofol based anesthesia will be kept at steady state propofol infusion for maintenance, ventilation via endotracheal tube. Exhaled propofol will be measured continously by Edmon (R) (BBraun) monitor and compared with arterial plasma samples of propofol, drawn 3-5 times during the procedure.

There is blood-eye barrier in eyes,but some oral medicines can enter in the tissues of eyes. The primary objective of the study is to study the Pharmacokinetics of Trans-resveratrol and Its three Metabolites in Human Eyes and Blood

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are currently treated with Enzyme replacement therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT). No current evidence on the effectiveness on these therapies on the eye in this systemic disease is avalible. Using new imaging techniques; previously subjective data can be quantified and compared to determine if there is an improvment in the vision of patients with MPS.

Dry eye disease is related with oxidative stress at the ocular surface. GSH is one of the key factor of protect from oxidative stress. To evaluate thiol status of ocular surface cells by monitoring GSH concentration, we can evaluate the severity of dry eye.

The DRy eye Outcome and Prescription Study (DROPS) is a large observational multicentre study exploring the 'real world' effectiveness of artificial tears in dry eye disease and determinants of efficacy. The aim is to include at least 635 symptomatic dry eye patients who are prescribed artificial tears. All trainees and fellows in London are invited to become collaborators: collaborators are asked to consent patients, assess signs at baseline, and give patients questionnaires at baseline and 4 weeks (for home completion). In tandem, we are conducting a qualitative review of ophthalmologists' prescribing behaviours for dry eye disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic role of obesity on blinding eye diseases in a population of severely obese patients with no history of eye diseases, and to verify whether weight loss induced by bariatric surgery may have a protective effect.

The exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy is still unknown. Histopathologically, extraocular muscle inflammation and orbital fat inflammation are two prominent changes. In the past year, we had investigated the morphological features of the Müller muscle in patients with thyroid lid retraction using the special stain and immunohistochemistry. In our findings, the smooth muscle cells, in the diseased group, were replaced by variable adipose and fibrosis tissues. In recent years, TSHR, has been verified to express in orbital connective tissue and extra-ocular muscle. From functional studies and an increase in adipogenesis in cultured fibroblasts with expression of TSHR protein, the role not only the target but effector cells in orbital fibroblasts were validated. Quantitative RT-PCR may help to differentiate whether a less extent of expression at the end stage or low protein amount to be detected. In recent years, the diverse phenotypes of orbital fibroblasts, with regard to expression of Thy-1 protein or not, had been reported from several studies, the investigators believed heterogeneity in orbital fibroblast may determine the clinical presentation of Graves'ophthalmopathy. We also are curious to know if the phenotypic heterogeneity of the fibroblasts in the ocular adnexal and orbital tissues correlates to distinct morphological features of adipogenesis and fibrosis. Moreover, increased CD40 expression in skin fibroblasts were noted from patients with systemic sclerosis. Expression of IGF-I and IGF-IR seemed to be up-regulated in processes of several fibrotic diseases. A nuclear transcription factor, PPAR-γ, has been verified to have a close relationship with adipogenesis. We hypothesize that some immunological processes involve the ocular adnexal and orbital tissues, which result in various ophthalmological manifestations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different stage of the ocular adnexal and orbital tissues to identify the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy by frozen sections with Immunohistochemistry, mRNA expression of TSH receptor, PPAR-γ, IGF-1R, and IGF-1 and different cytokines using quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry at the acute and stable stage in GO.