Active clinical trials for "Fluoride Poisoning"

The risk of dental fluorosis development is related to the systemic exposure to fluoride during enamel formation. Currently, diet and fluoride toothpastes are the main sources of fluoride to children at the age-risk for fluorosis development. However, when estimating the risk of fluorosis from toothpaste inadvertently ingested, it has not been considered the systemic fluoride bioavailability. Since some toothpaste formulations may contain part of fluoride as insoluble salts, the hypothesis behind this study is that only soluble fluoride in toothpastes would be absorbed when they are inadvertently ingested. To test that, adult volunteers will ingest a standardized dose of total fluoride from commercially available toothpastes, which present different concentrations of soluble fluoride. Fluoride systemic bioavailability will be assessed by the release of fluoride in saliva up to 3 hours after ingestion (as an indicator of blood fluoride) and by urinary fluoride excretion.

The importance of fluoridated water to control caries is well recognized. Although the mode of action of fluoridated water is known (related to a slight increase in fluoride concentration in saliva/dental biofilm in individuals living in fluoridated areas), the kinetics of fluoride concentration in saliva after ingestion of food prepared with fluoridated water, either from fluoride remaining in the oral cavity after mastication, or from fluoride returning from salivary secretion is not known in details. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess fluoride bioavailability after ingestion of food prepared with fluoridated water. The study will be in vivo, crossover and double blind, in which 12 adult volunteers will participate. In 4 experimental phases, volunteers will ingest: a. a typical Brazilian meal cooked with non-fluoridated water (<0.1 ppm F); b. a typical Brazilian meal cooked with fluoridated water (1 ppm F); c. non fluoridated water (<0.1 ppm F) and d. fluoridated water (1 ppm F). Immediately before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 minutes after the ingestion, a blood sample will be collected by digital puncture, and a sample of unstimulated saliva will be collected. Fluoride concentration in the samples will be determined by an ion specific electrode adapted for microanalysis. Results will be analyzed by ANOVA, with significance limit of 5%.

Patients needing intensive care often require sedative drugs to reduce anxiety and agitation during ventilator care and invasive therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. At present there is no optimal sedative agent for these patients. The most commonly used sedative agents in intensive care units are midazolam and propofol. Both drugs have side effects of clinical importance. At present, a viable alternative to intravenous sedation is inhalatory sedation. Sevoflurane, as other inhaled anesthetic agents, is sedative in low doses. A new simplified method of administration of isoflurane or sevoflurane has been developed. The Anesthetic Conserving Device is a modified heat-moisture exchanger (HME) that permits direct infusion of sevoflurane to the airway, where it is vaporized in an evaporator rod in the device. However, the use of sevoflurane is limited to anesthesia and sedation lasting no more than 12 hours, since the possible renal problems posed by inorganic fluoride in prolonged operations remain the subject of controversy. The primary aim (and primary hypothesis) of the current trial is to determine whether sevoflurane can be administered as a sedative drug for more than 48 hours without clinically relevant physiopathological effects on kidney and liver function. Other end-points of the trial are to evaluate the quality of sedation of sevoflurane, in terms of sedation control, the rapidity and predictability of awakening, and the incidence of delirium in critical care patients.

Fluorosis is caused by hypomineralization in the enamel due to increased fluoride ingestion during early childhood (Cawson.1, Wong et al. 2, and Sudhir 3). A considerable amount of evidence has been reported over the years, which has shown that presence of fluoride ions at up to one part per million in public water supply has reduced the prevalence of teeth decayed with minimal chance of dental fluorosis. The WHO recognized these facts by its resolution in 1969 4 and 1975 5, which stated that water fluoridation, where applicable, should be the cornerstone of any national policy of caries prevention

An epidemiological survey for prevalence description of dental morbidity (caries, gingivitis, dental trauma and fluorosis) among Israel Defense Forces (IDF) general recruits. Morbidity measures were collected from 700 recruits at their first day of military service in order to evaluate extent and burden of dental diseases among recruits. The data will enable the military dental services commanders to plan and implement dental services according to the dental needs.