Active clinical trials for "Genetic Diseases, Inborn"

Congenital malformations concern 3% of pregnancies; most of them can be seen during pregnancy. For some malformations, an invasive sample (trophoblast biopsy or amniocentesis) is proposed to search a chromosomal abnormality by the technique of DNA chip. However, some strongly suggestive signs of a genetic (and not chromosomal) pathology have a very low diagnostic rate with this technique. In the absence of an etiological diagnosis, the prognosis for the unborn child is very difficult to assess, as we can't know if the fetal malformation is really isolated or associted to other unseen features as part of a syndromic condition. For some malformations strongly suggestive of a genetic condition, we propose to realize an exome (i.e. all coding parts of the genome) sequencing of the trio (child and the 2 parents) with a delivery time compatible with the emergency situation of a pregnancy (6 weeks maximum). We will apply bioinformatics filters to analyse only genes known to be involved in the malformation present in the unborn child and thus avoid the identification of variants in unrelated genes. These lists of genes have been previously validated by the Rare Disease Health Sectors and the affiliated diagnostic laboratories. The selected malformations are: 1) anomalies of the central nervous system (microcephaly (<- 2DS) with anomalies of gyration, anomalies of the posterior fossa, anomalies of the midline except agenesis of the corpus callosum), 2) ophthalmological anomalies (microphthalmia, hyperplasia vitreous) and 3) renal abnormalities (large hyperechoic kidneys).

Background: - Congenital malformations, sometimes called birth defects, occur because of a difference in early human development. There are many different types of congenital malformations, and some of these can be caused by changes in genetic material. Researchers are interested in studying individuals with these congenital malformations to better understand the causes and the effects of certain congenital malformations. Objectives: To understand more about what causes congenital malformations that arise in early human development. To learn if genetic causes can be found to explain why a person has a congenital malformation. Eligibility: - Individuals who have been diagnosed with a congenital malformation. Design: Participants will be seen at the National Institutes of Health for a series of visits over 3 to 4 days. Participants will be asked to provide copies of past medical records and test results for review, and will be asked questions about pregnancy/prenatal history, birth, newborn, medical, developmental, and family history. Parents or siblings of participants may also be asked to provide information for research purposes. Participants may have additional medical evaluations as part of this study, including any of the following tests: Physical examinations Other consultations as clinically indicated Blood samples for genetic testing Tissue biopsy for genetic testing Photographs of affected areas, such as front and side views of the face and other body parts that may be involved in a congenital malformation, like the hands and feet. Other tests as indicated by a specific malformation, such as organ ultrasounds. No additional invasive testing, testing requiring sedation, or testing involving radiation is planned for this protocol. These tests, if performed, would involve a separate consent....

The purposes of this study are to identify the genes responsible for several inherited disorders commonly seen in the Amish and Mennonite populations and learn more about the natural history (medical problems that develop over time) of these disorders. In addition, researchers will establish a computer database containing Amish genealogies, derived largely from the community s extensive records of births, marriages, deaths, etc., that will help construct pedigrees (family trees) for genetic study. The Amish and Mennonite peoples have a high rate of intermarriage within their individual communities, with a resulting high incidence of inherited disorders. Many of these disorders, such as cartilage-hair hypoplasia, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, and others, are rarely seen outside these communities. New research using state-of-the-art methodologies in genetics will add to current knowledge about the causes and symptoms of these disorders that will eventually aid in their diagnosis and medical management. Patients with inherited disorders that occur frequently in the Amish and Mennonite populations and their family members may be eligible for this study. Individuals from both within and outside these communities may enroll. Participants will be evaluated with a review of their medical records and their personal and family medical history and a brief physical examination. A small tissue sample will be collected for genetic studies. This will be either a blood sample (3 teaspoons from adults and 1 to 3 teaspoons from children, depending on their size) or a mouth swab (cells removed from inside the cheek by gentle brushing). Some participants may undergo additional procedures, such as diagnostic X-rays, brain scans, echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) or other studies. If genetic testing shows a gene change (mutation), the participant will be notified to that effect in writing and offered counseling in their home regarding the test results and their implications....

In this study, Investigators will conduct a prospective cohort study of dialysis patients by collecting research-quality information on patient characteristics, comorbid diseases and laboratory markers used in routine practice, as well as novel biochemical markers and genetic data. Investigators will utilize data from the cohort to test the independent relationship between biochemical and genetic markers and Fabry disease and other rare diseases.

This is screening study to identify patients with Complement Factor I deficiencies. The primary objective is to identify participants with CFI deficiencies and assess the prevalence in the screened population.

As part of this study patients who have undergone genetic testing in the Brigham and Women's Hospital Cardiovascular Genetics program will be randomized to receive the results of their genetic testing either by telephone call or virtual visit. At the completion of the telephone call or virtual visit patients will receive a survey to assess their understanding of their results and their satisfaction with their care.

In most pectus excavatum (PE) patients an underlying genetic defect is not found with molecular analysis, as a direct genetic link with PE has yet to be found and because potential underlying genetic disorders are quite rare. Only one-fifth of all PE cases are identified in the first decade of life and thus of congenital origin making younger PE patients a unique patient group. Therefore, the research question is; is early-onset pectus excavatum (PE) more likely to be part of a genetic defect than PE which became apparent during puberty or adolescence?

The aim of this study is to evaluate performances of a NIPT test based onto the study of the maternal blood to search known genetic mutations already detected in the family and potentially inherited by the fetus. This test will avoid an invasive prenatal diagnosis in those families with a known genetic risk. The performance of this test will be evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity with an adapted statistic model. Secondary objectives of the protocol are To adapt NIPT to small DNA quantity (5-50 ng) To adapt bioinformatics pipeline to low rate of mosaicism To develop a tool to quantify the fetal fraction To evaluate the robustness of the method This test is based onto capture and high throw put sequencing adapted to cell free plasmatic DNA of pregnant women in order to detect point mutation present in her fetus. This approach has been previously described for others clinical applications such as liquid biopsy in cancers but not for NIPT analysis.

The goal is to describe the fundamental aspects of fundoscopic eye in patients with microphthalmia

The objectives of this multi-center collaborative study are to ascertain the frequency of specific copy number variants (CNVs) identified prenatally and to evaluate in detail through continued follow-up of the children the phenotypes associated with CNVs of known or uncertain clinical significance.