Active clinical trials for "Glucose Intolerance"

Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention. Two novel types of intermittent fasting recently have received more attention: the 5:2 diet and time-restricted eating (TRE). TRE requires individuals to eat in a specified number of hours per day (typically 4 to 10 hours) without energy intake restriction. The 5:2 diet involves 5 feast days and 2 fast days per week; participants eat ad libitum without restriction on feast days while 25% of energy needs (approximately 500-800 kcal per day) are consumed on fast day. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of TRE and the 5:2 diet on glucose homeostasis and cardiometabolic risk factors in prediabetes over 6 months compared to usual health care.

Pre-diabetes is a state characterized by subclinical impairment in glycemic variables that is intermediate between normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and diabetes. There are two frequently used definitions for pre-diabetes, one from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and another from the World Health Organization (WHO), and both include impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and a calibrated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of between 5.7 and 6.4%. More than 30 % of the global population demonstrated one or more forms of prediabetic dysglycaemia. In general, approximately 70 % of individuals with IFG and/or IGT can expect to go on to develop clinical type 2 diabetes at some time in the future, and the risk increases with higher HbA1c levels and with higher BMI. Worse still, the prevalence of pre-diabetes is increasing worldwide, with a growing number of patients progressing to diabetes. Identification and treatment of pre-diabetic individuals is therefore crucial. Recent evidence suggested that preventing progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes is possible, and thus efficacious interventions for pre-diabetic individuals are the cornerstone of diabetes prevention. The current paradigm for diabetes prevention in high-risk individuals focuses on achieving moderate weight loss via dietary change and increasing physical activity. However, lifestyle-based weight-loss strategies may initially be successful, but difficult to achieve or maintain. In many cases, pharmacologic treatments may be needed to regulate blood glucose. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have verified the efficacy of metformin in preventing insulin resistance syndrome, along with the progression of microvascular diseases and heart attacks. Meanwhile, clinical experience and trial data have yielded almost no significant safety concerns for metformin. Nonetheless, it may cause discomfort for up to 25% of patients who experience diarrhea and nausea subsequent to its administration. For patients with a contraindication or intolerable adverse effects to metformin, Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors with novel mode of action may be another alternative. Large clinical trials have not yet identified a substantial elevation in the frequency of adverse reactions related to SGLT-2 inhibitors when compared to the placebo group. Inhibition of SGLT-2 has some extra advantages for diabetes management over other therapeutic approaches. Firstly, the SGLT-2 is exclusively expressed in renal proximal tubules, and thus selective inhibitors will exert a glucose-lowering effect, independently of insulin secretion. Therefore, SGLT-2 inhibitors can cause weight loss without inducing major hypoglycemic events. Secondly, the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors was supported by large clinical trials in the modern context of antiplatelet, statin, and blood pressure management, which may match many of the advantages of metformin. Thirdly, SGLT-2 inhibitors have also been proven to prevent nephropathy for its restriction on albuminuria and inflammatory processes, and to subsequently dampen the deterioration in renal function. Overall, SGLT-2 inhibitors have demonstrated safety in non-diabetic patients, particularly in those afflicted with heart or kidney failure, and have shown to provide additional benefits. At present, the overall effectiveness and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors in improving metabolism of pre-diabetic patients are still unclear. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor on pre-diabetic patients.

1 in 3 adults have prediabetes in the United States, and many of them will eventually develop diabetes, which has significant public health and economic costs. However, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes are heterogeneous groups with different pathological mechanisms, dysfunctions in different processes, and varied disease trajectories. Patient stratifications into subtypes and personalized nutrition interventions are highly needed but not yet available. Metabolic responses (e.g., glucose excursion) after food intake provide a direct observation of personal metabolic control and its association with T2D. The investigators hope to learn how prediabetes and type 2 diabetes evolve, and specifically what food or exercise can do to mitigate blood sugar response.

The study is designed to determine whether seaweed extract added to a carbohydrate-rich meal, can lower blood glucose levels after its consumption, and hence lower its glycaemic index, and if this effect is mediated through effects on insulin. It is designed as an acute, randomised, cross-over, controlled, three-arm dietary intervention trial in healthy subjects. Participants will be asked to consume either white bread, white bread with lower dose of seaweed extract or white bread with higher dose of seaweed extract.The effects on plasma glucose levels and levels of insulin will be determined over 3 hours after the consumption.

Currently, an estimated 3.9 million Malaysians continue to live with diabetes with many more who live with prediabetes. Diabetes was the one of the leading causes of death in the Malaysia and the leading cause for kidney failure, lower-limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness. Heart disease and stroke are two to four times more likely for individuals with diabetes. The use of mHealth or mobile health application can reduce blood sugar among individuals with prediabetes but also prevent a later occurrence of diabetes. In this study, the investigators aim to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health supported pre-diabetes management program based in an urban community pharmacy setting

Existing literature investigating the impact of smoking cessation on new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) risk is conflicting. Combing the need for smoking cessation and body weight self-management to prevent the progression of prediabetes stage into DM, with the public implementation of the second-generation cessation program, we aimed to study the effectiveness of the Fight Tobacco and Stay Fit (FIT2) program aiming at promoting smoking cessation and restricting post-cessation weight gain (PCWG) together in prediabetic smokers regarding long-term glycemic and DM-related health outcomes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a serious chronic condition and one of the world's fastest growing health problems. The onset of T2DM is gradual, with most individuals progressing through a state of pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes is a prevalent and potentially reversible condition, which provides an important window of opportunity for the prevention of T2DM and its complications. This project aims to translate the evidence-based diabetes prevention strategies into a community setting to reduce diabetes risks in Hong Kong Chinese people with pre-diabetes .

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a novel menopause hormone therapy on blood sugar (glucose) and blood and liver fats (lipids) in obese menopausal women Veterans.

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are both multifactorial diseases resulting from gene-environment interactions. However, this interaction, as well as the specific effect of each polymorphism, remains poorly understood. We now proposed a prospective cohort study to improve our understanding of the influence of phenotypic characteristics on gene expression in tissues involved in glucose and/or lipid metabolism by collecting different biological samples.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of metformin pretreatment on reproductive outcomes in infertile women with prediabetes.