Active clinical trials for "Glucose Metabolism Disorders"

Overweight and obesity have reached worldwide epidemic level. Both overweight and obesity are characterized by comorbidities such as cardio-metabolic risk factors (i.e., insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation) representing a major public health problem. Therefore, it is urgent to find a therapeutic solution to target all these metabolic disorders. Among the environmental factors able to influence the individual susceptibility to gain weight and to develop metabolic disorders associated with obesity, more and more evidence show that the trillions of bacteria housed in our gastro-intestinal tract (i.e, gut microbiota) influence host metabolism. The investigators recently discovered a putative interesting microbial candidate, namely Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk). More exactly, we found that the administration of Akkermansia muciniphila reduced body weight gain, fat mass gain, glycemia and inflammatory markers in diet-induced obese mice. Moreover, in overweight/obese patients with cardiovascular risk factors subjected to a calorie restriction diet (calorie restriction diet for 6 weeks and an additional 6 weeks of weight maintenance), a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was associated with a better cardio-metabolic status in these patients. The investigators also discovered that patients having more Akkermansia muciniphila in their gut before the calorie restriction exhibited a greater improvement in glucose homoeostasis, blood lipids and body composition after calorie restriction. These observations suggested that the administration of Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight or obese people could be a very interesting therapeutic solution. Currently, no human study has investigated the beneficial effects of Akkermansia muciniphila administration on obesity and metabolic disorders. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the effects associated with the administration of live or heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila on the metabolic disorders (insulin-resistance, type-2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, inflammation) related to overweight and obesity in humans.

Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are known to exert insulinogenic effect. Whether this effect is mediated by incretins (GLP-1, GIP) is not known. The aim of the study was to show incretin effect of BCAA, i.e. whether the oral administration of BCAA elicits higher insulin and incretin response when compared with IV route of the same dose of BCAA. Eighteen healthy, male subjects participated in three tests: IV application of BCAA solution (30.7±1.1 g of BCAA, IV BCAA) second was oral ingestion of BCAA capsules in the same dose (ORAL BCAA) and third experiment was oral placebo (PLACEBO). Glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GIP, valine, leucine and isoleucine levels were measured at time interval for up to 4 h.

Modern living is associated with an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sleep disturbances are strong independent risk factors for incident diabetes. Melatonin has been implicated in regulation of circadian rhythm and sleep, but it is also ascribed anti-oxidative properties and effects on glucose homeostasis. A potential association between melatonin and T2DM has only been addressed in few human physiological studies, but the topic has received renewed interest since genetic-epidemiological studies have pointed to a role for melatonin in the development of the disease. In the current study, the investigators wish to examine whether treatment with synthetic melatonin induces physiological changes that affect the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Two studies of the physiological effects of melatonin are included in the present protocol. In study A, the investigators will examine the acute effects of Melatonin on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using a Botnia clamp and in study B the investigators will examine the potential effects of Melatonin on the incretin response.

This study aims to assess the effects of hazelnuts, cocoa, and the combination of both on vascular reactivity and metabolic profile. Participants, divided in six groups, will receive one of these breakfast integrations for 14 days: group 1) 30 g peeled hazelnuts; group 2) 30 g unpeeled hazelnuts; group 3) snack with 30 g peeled hazelnuts; group 4) snack with 2.5 g cocoa powder; group 5) snack with 30 g peeled hazelnuts and 2.5 g cocoa; group 6) empty snack, control group.

Infusion of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) during euglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia and evaluation of the effect on glucagon secretion in healthy subjects.

People with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are characterized by a lower quality of life in terms of reduced vital activity, emotional state, and social functioning. Therefore, the investigator's aim was to determine the impact of low-intensity exercise and psychoeducation on depression symptoms and self-perceived stress in women with MetS.

The purpose of this study is to compare ways of giving advice and providing support to improve diet and physical activity in adult primary care patients with elevated body mass index and dysglycemia.

This is a randomised study of the effect of treatment with Combivir (zidovudine [AZT] and lamivudine [3TC]) and Kaletra (lopinavir [LPVr]), alone and in combination, on the development of abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism in HIV negative healthy subjects.

The investigators propose that the sensitivity to glucagon in hepatic lipid metabolism is impaired in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, they propose a dys-coordinated, reduced glucagon sensitivity in hepatic lipid metabolism and endogen glucose production in patients with NAFLD and NASH compared with healthy subjects and patients with simple steatosis. This reduced sensitivity may be the basis of a more severe dyslipidemia and the production of increased concentrations of toxic lipid intermediates in plasma and muscle tissue. The study will include healthy subjects with obesity and subjects with simple steatosis and NASH, tested at basal glucagonemia and moderate hyperglucagonemia to mimic insulin resistant levels during simultaneous somatostatin infusion and replacement doses of insulin and growth hormone. Infusion of palmitate, VLDL-triglyceride and glucose tracers in combination with indirect calorimetry as well as skeletal and adipose tissue biopsies will be employed to assess free fatty acid and VLDL-triglyceride kinetics (turnover, and oxidation) and hepatic fatty acid-esterification.

Delinieation of GIP's effects during a meal in humans using GIP receptor antagonisation.