Active clinical trials for "Headache"

We hypothesized that LF stimulation of the SPG would increase parasympathetic outflow, activate sensory afferents and provoke a cluster-like attack.

Accidental dural puncture (ADP) during placement of an epidural catheter for anesthesia and analgesia is a well known complication. Previous studies have found audiometric deterioration following ADP. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is a common method for treating postural headache in patients with accidental dural puncture. In most cases, one-two patches are needed for successful management. Long-term effects of EBP on the incidence of backache, headache and early audiometric deterioration are few or non-existant. The present study aims to determine the long-term sequelae of EDP in parturients who had ADP and were treated with an EBP during the years 2005 - 2011.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term safety and performance of neurostimulation for the treatment of intractable chronic migraine as well as to detect infrequent complications or problems only apparent in "real-world" practice

Migraine affects 15% of Western Australians and is a leading cause of suffering and disability in our community (1,2). Research suggests that inflammation of the brain's coverings (meninges) by nerve cell inflammation and the release of 'free radicals', is a cause of migraine. N-acetylcysteine, Vitamin E and Vitamin C are powerful anti-oxidants (free-radical scavengers) that reduce brain inflammation and nerve activity. It is therefore possible these anti-oxidants could reduce the number and severity of migraines. We will study 90 subjects to see if a combination of N-acetylcysteine 600 mg, Vitamin E 250 IU and vitamin C 500 mg (NEC) taken twice daily for 3 months, will reduce migraine attacks. This safe vitamin-based therapy has never been studied and if effective, will play an important role in migraine prevention.

MigraineBoxTM is a simple, contoured cooling bath for the head and neck. Effectiveness of MigraineBoxTM will be studied in primary headaches in the emergency department. The user simply reclines his/her head and neck into this device that has contours that support the head and neck. Luke warm water is filled into the MigraineBoxTM before use and then a frozen insert is placed inside. This will gradually cool the water surrounding the patient's head and theoretically provide headache relief.

There is a significant debate whether local infiltration techniques may be a method to treat complicated chronic pain syndromes, e.g. refractory headache. Until now there is a lack of evidence regarding efficacy of this treatment especially in long term follow up. Similarly, indication and management are under debate. Aim of this trial is to analyse pain scores during first treatment with anaesthesiological infiltration series.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a peptide of 28 amino acid residues that belongs to the glucagon/secretin superfamily of peptides. It is produced in different regions of the nervous system, including the brain, trigeminovascular system and several autonomic nerves. Once released from neurons, it acts on vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VPAC1), vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VPAC2) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor (PAC1), by mediating smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation and water secretion. Along with other neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), it is released from the trigeminal afferents and exerts a strong vasodilating activity on the cranial vasculature, sharing the activation of adenylate cyclase. Especially, it shares 70% structure with PACAP and acts on the same receptors. But, unlike it, VIP cannot induce a long-lasting vasodilation and has a modest capability to induce migraine attacks. Whether a long-lasting infusion of VIP may induce a prolonged vasodilation in the cerebral vessels and migraine, as a twenty-minute infusion of PACAP, is unknown.

Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a type of symptomatic headache that is characterized by chronic unilateral headache secondary to cervical spine dysfunction. Generally, it gets worse by neck movements, continuous placement of the head in an awkward position and exposure to external pressure on the upper cervical or occipital region. The pain was demonstrated to originate from lower cervical disc prolapse and spinal nerve roots in some studies, while it is suggested in some others to occur due to the upper cervical region as well. Although disturbed cervical alignment has been determined in tension headache and migraine, there are few studies with controversial results in the literature investigating the effects of the change in cervical lordosis on CEH. These contradictory results strongly influence the decision of whether exercise should be added to the treatment protocol in CEH and also the creation of an appropriate treatment program by the clinicians. In light of this background, the aim of this study was to compare the cervical radiographs of patients with CEH and patients with neck pain without a headache.

The investigators plan to evaluate long-term consequences of unintentional dural puncture in women who had this complication during labor epidural insertion at Mount Sinai Hospital. A dural puncture is the perforation of the dura mater (one of the layers protecting the brain and the spinal cord) by the needle that is used to find and place a catheter in the epidural space. A puncture will cause a leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the dura that results in an acute and usually self-limited headache in half of patients who have this complication. The usual treatment for this complication is conservative with the use of oral medications like acetaminophen, anti-inflammatory and narcotics. In the severely symptomatic patient, the injection of blood in the epidural space is a more invasive approach performed to "patch" the hole that was created in the dura (epidural blood patch). The objective is to determine whether or not there is a risk of developing long-term effects from the unintentional dural puncture and its treatment by epidural blood patch by comparing women who had a dural puncture during their labour epidural insertion with or without an epidural blood patch with women who received an epidural but did not have a dural puncture during the same period of time. The hypothesis is that women who had unintentional dural punctures during epidural insertion will develop long-term effects such as chronic headache, chronic backache, chronic auditory or visual disturbances and chronic disability more frequently than women who received an epidural but did not sustain a dural puncture. The investigators also hypothesize that the use of epidural blood patch may change the course of these complications.

Currently effective antivials for influenza treatment are two influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Resistance to these drugs is reflected by reduced susceptibility of viral neuraminidase to these drugs. The hypothesis is that the signal ratio of two reagents (with or without a single concentration of the drug) correlates the IC50 value, an accurate measurement of drug resistance but impractical for clinical use.