Active clinical trials for "Cross Infection"

Use of linezolid in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Japan

This is a study to define strategies for Nephrologists to directly supervise and apply direct acting antivirals to cure hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients. Strategies will include identification of candidate patients, application for insurance approval, specifics of direct acting antiviral therapy (Zepatier with or without ribavirin) and laboratory monitoring during and after therapy.

Development of stroke associated pneumonia (SAP) has a detrimental effect on stroke outcome. Biomarker-guided antibiotic treatment of patients at high risk for pneumonia may help to improve stroke outcome. Therefore, the investigators will evaluate whether intensified infection monitoring via Procalcitonin guiding an early standardized antibiotic treatment improves functional outcome after stroke compared with standard therapy based on current guidelines.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether oral probiotic supplementation could reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in preterm infants.

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of doripenem in participants with nosocomial pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs in which the lungs become heavy; pneumonia occurring at least 48 hours after hospital admission), complicated intra-abdominal (in belly) infections and complicated urinary tract infections (bladder infections).

This study tries to determine whether the oral administration of a specific probiotic (good bacteria) in premature infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit may prevent infections and the development of a severe inflammatory disease of the bowel called necrotizing enterocolitis. The investigators propose that premature infants not given probiotics will colonize their gut with bad bacterias and develop infection.

We developed a computerized decision support system for prescription of antibiotics to inpatients. The purpose of the study is to assess the performance of the system in different wards, in three different hospitals, in three countries.

To compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline with those of levofloxacin in the treatment of subjects with CAP requiring hospitalization. The co-primary efficacy endpoints in the study will be the clinical response in the clinically evaluable population and the clinical response in the clinical modified intent-to-treat population at the TOC visit. The primary efficacy analyses will first determine whether tigecycline is noninferior to levofloxacin. If tigecycline is found to be noninferior, the analyses will determine whether tigecycline is statistically better than levofloxacin.

The central hypothesis is that daily dental xylitol wipes, in addition to current oral care practice, are effective at reducing BSI from oral organisms, and decreasing the incidence of gingivitis, oral plaque, and oral ulcerations after SCT.

Background: Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is divided in two distinct groups, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator-associated HAP (nvHAP). Although nvHAP occurs more frequently than VAP and results in similar mortality and costs, prevention guidelines and prevention focus almost exclusively on VAP. Scientific evidence about nvHAP prevention is scarce. Therefore, we designed a mixed-methods study to investigate the effectiveness of a newly developed nvHAP prevention bundle and factors that influence its implementation. Methods: This single-centre project at the 950-bed University Hospital Zurich (UHZ) will engage the wards of nine departments with substantial nvHAP rates. The nvHAP bundle consists of five primary prevention measures: 1) oral care, 2) identification and treatment of patients with dysphagia, 3) mobilization, 4) stopping unnecessary proton pump inhibitors, and, 5) respiratory therapy. Implementation includes the engagement of department-level implementation teams, who sustain the 'core' intervention components of education, training, and environmental restructuring and adapt the implementation strategy to local needs. The effects of the implementation will be analysed by a mixed-method approach. As primary outcome, nvHAP incidence rates will be analysed by Poisson regression models to compare incidence rates before, during, and after the implementation phases (on the hospital and department level). In addition, the association between process indicators and nvHAP incidence rates will be analysed using longitudinal Poisson regression models. A longitudinal, qualitative study and formative evaluation based on interviews and focus groups identifies supporting or hindering factors for implementation success in participating departments dynamically over time. This accumulating implementation experience will be constantly fed back to the implementation teams and thus, represents an active implementation element. Discussion: This comprehensive mixed-methods study is designed to accomplish both, measure the effectiveness of a new prevention bundle against nvHAP and provide insights into how and why it worked or failed. The results of this study may contribute substantially to patient safety in the area of a rediscovered healthcare-associated infection - nvHAP.