Active clinical trials for "Hepatic Insufficiency"

The purpose of this study is to 1) determine the feasibility of using Cardiox Liver Function Assessment System (LFA) to measure indocyanine green (ICG) clearance; 2) determine an adequate dose based on LFA technology and 3) determine an adequate time period for LFA determination.

Acute liver injury (ALI) and acute liver failure (ALF) are rare clinical conditions, the latter often associated with a poor outcome. To improve outcomes for these patients, clinicians need to develop a clearer understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition. Biomarkers and novel imaging techniques are vital to investigating and understanding the pathophysiology of ALI. Patients with ALI or ALF aged over 16 and due to any cause will be eligible to take part in the study. The study will involve collection of biological samples (blood, urine, stool and breath) from included patients once daily for up to 7 days. For patients undergoing liver transplantation, a small sample of explanted (removed) liver tissue will be obtained. A small subgroup of patients with paracetamol induced acute liver failure will be eligible to be included in a pilot MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) study, which will involve two MRI scans during the first 7 days of their admission. All patients will be recruited from the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent complication of both acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and could be responsible among other neurological complications of residual impairment after liver transplantation. Specific metabolomic studies have shed light into pathophysiology. Nevertheless, whether HE metabolomic fingerprints differ between HE in ALF and HE in ACLF and their evolution after liver transplantation (LT) is unknown. The aim of our study is to analyse the metabolomic fingerprint in plasma of 2 different groups of patients before and after LT: hospitalized patients with ALF and HE hospitalized patients with ACLF and HE We will analyse metabolomic results to explore if there is any difference in metabolomic fingerprints between these 2 groups and if LT modify the metabolomic fingerprint in plasma in these 2 groups and in the same way. We will collect blood samples in these 2 groups on the day of HE occurring and then on day 1, day 7 and day 30 (+/- 2 days) after LT. We aim to enroll 10 patients in ALF group and 20 patients in ACLF group. Inclusion criteria are defined as age > 18 years, patient presenting with ALF (Synthetic liver failure (INR > 1.5) with hepatic encephalopathy (grade 1-4 of West-Haven classification), without pre-existing hepatopathy, HE beginning within <26 weeks) or ACLF (≥ grade 1 from CANONIC criteria), and clinical HE (grade 1-4 of West-Haven classification) on the day of enrolment. Exclusion criteria are defined as age < 18 years, absence of HE, LT without pre-existing HE, patients who already undergone a LT, legally protected person. An EDTA blood sample will be collected, centrifuged and frozen on the day of enrolment, then on day 1, day 7 and day 30 (+/- 2 days) after LT. Metabolomic analyses will be performed by different techniques but especially with high resolution liquid phase mass spectrometry in collaboration with CEA. Statistical analyses will be both univariate (Mann-Whitney or Wilcoxon tests) and multivariate (with a classical and adapted method for metabolomic studies: Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA)). We expect to identify different metabolomic fingerprints between HE in both ALF and ACLF patients as well as different kinetics for symptoms resolution after LT. The long-term objective is to target the specific metabolic pathways for each group in order to allow development of new targeted drugs against HE in these 2 different conditions.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) refers to the acute deterioration of liver function in patients with chronic liver disease. Neutrophils are a major component of the innate immune system, and previous studies have revealed enhanced production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in ACLF. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the correlation between NETs and the prognosis of ACLF. We screened NETs related biomarkers through bioinformatics analysis, which play an important role in the diagnosis of ACLF. This study will explore whether these NETs related biomarkers also play an important role in the prognosis of ACLF and further investigate their role in the pathogenesis of ACLF.

All patients of Acute liver failure not meeting the KCH (King's College Hospital) criteria/or meeting KCH criteria not having option of liver transplant will be recruited for the trial. The first group will receive Standard medical care with Fecal Microbiota transplant on Day 1 for 3 consecutive days. FMT (Fecal Microbiota Transplant) will be delivered rectally which will be placed bedside. Suitable donor will be screened and the stool samples will be used as per criteria. Stool samples will be taken at the time at Day 0, 1(Post FMT), Day 4, 6, 14,21. Sepsis screen will be sent. Inflammatory markers will be sent on Day 0,1, 4,6, 14,21. The second group will receive standard medical therapy/and an placebo. Stool samples will be sent on Day 0,1, 4, 6 , 14,21. Inflammatory markers will be sent on the time on day 0,1 4,6 , 14,21.

The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about the result of infusing liver cells, carefully matched to blood type, into a subject's body. The hope is that this procedure will aid functions of the liver and prevent death, enable a transplant procedure to be carried out if a donated liver becomes available, and lessen complications in postoperative recovery. There is no guarantee that any of these benefits will be re eived, but even if they are not, the hope is that knowledge gained by using this procedure will be of future benefit to others who also suffer from liver disease.

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of copanlisib in subjects with impaired hepatic or renal function in comparison to healthy subjects

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a characterized by orbital soft tissue inflammation and oedema associated with glycosaminoglycan deposition and fibrosis. The most frequent cause is Graves' disease. The classification is comprised based on the severity of orbital changes ranging from mild, moderate-to-severe GO and sight-threatening GO, which includes dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse therapy is the first-line treatment in the active-phase of moderate-to-severe GO and DON. This therapy is more effective and better tolerated than oral glucocorticoids (GCs). The current recommendation of the European Group of Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) is that cumulative doses of IVMP should not exceed 8.0g in each treatment course, and pulses should not be given on consecutive or alternate days, except in the case of DON. According to EUGOGO recommendations patients with moderate-to-severe GO are treated with IVMP cumulative dose 4.5g during a 12-week period (for the first 6 weeks 0.5g IVMP per week, for the next 6 weeks 0.25g IVMP per week). According to EUGOGO recommendations patients with DON should receive 3.0g IVMP (1.0g/day for 3 consecutive days) as the basic treatment. This limitation in doses are due to the necessity of the prevention of severe side effects that are rare but may be fatal. One of the most severe adverse events is acute liver injury (ALI), in some cases irreversible and/or fatal. The estimated morbidity and mortality of ALI was found to be 1-4 % and 0.01-0.3%, respectively. Since 2000, there were 5 reported fatal cases. Mechanisms causing an IVMP-induced ALI remains incompletely elucidated. There are some possible hypotheses that may explain the occurrence of ALI. Firstly, GCs can lead to reactivation of autoimmune hepatitis: an immune "rebound phenomenon" following GCs withdrawal. The second mechanism of ALI is reactivation of viral hepatitis. Finally, there is well known direct toxic effect of GCs on hepatocytes, probably dose-dependent. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of two different, routinely used schemes of therapy with IVMP in patients with moderate-to-severe GO (first scheme) and DON (second scheme) on biochemical liver parameters. Patients included into the study were treated according to EUGOGO recommendations with routine doses of IVMP and routine scheme of administration for moderate-to-severe GO and DON. No additional treatment was performed during the study protocol.

To determine whether CVC exposures are altered in subjects with impaired hepatic function, compared to subjects with normal hepatic function. The results will help guide the clinical use of CVC in patients with hepatic impairment, determine the extent of PK changes, if any, and identify the potential need for dose adjustments of CVC in this population.

The purpose of this research study is to: test the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK testing, the study of how the body absorbs, distributes, breaks down and eliminates a drug) of a single dose of the investigational study drug NBI-98854 in subjects with normal hepatic function or mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment.