Active clinical trials for "Hepatitis A"

Aim/Background: This study aims to investigate the necessity and efficacy of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine booster in children after liver transplantation. A universal mass vaccination program of HBV was launched for 20 years in Taiwan. The coverage rate is high and the effect is great. The carrier rate of the population under vaccine coverage decreased from 10-15% to < 1%. In Taiwan, most children who receive organ transplantation were vaccinated with HBV vaccine in infancy and well before the transplantation procedure. This vaccination background information on Taiwanese children is quite unique and not similar to the other countries in the world. The antibody generated by the vaccine usually wanes after a certain period even in normal subjects, let alone in subjects who receive organ transplantation and immunosuppressive agents after transplantation. At present, Taiwan is still an HBV hyperendemic area and the risk of exposure to HBV cannot be overlooked. Should children be given a booster dose of HBV vaccine after transplantation? And how about the immunogenicity of this booster dose in these immunocompromised hosts? If these children cannot obtain an adequate antibody titer, will the risk of HBV infection increase? This study is designed to answer these questions. As a pediatric hepatologist, the author's routine work is to take care of children who underwent liver transplantation. To take advantage of this, the investigators decided to study the efficacy and necessity of HBV booster vaccine in these patients. However, the results of this study should be able to be applied to any kind of solid organ transplanted patients. Method: The anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) titer will be checked in patients who received liver transplantation > 1 year ago. If the titer is < 10 IU/L, a booster dose will be administered. The humoral (anti-HBs) and cellular immunity (by ELISPOT to assay T and B cell specific proliferation) and cytokine assay will be done in these patients before and after the booster dose. A three-year follow-up will be performed to monitor the HBV infection in these patients. Expected Results: The investigators expect for those who survive one year more after liver transplantation to yield a relatively good response to HBV booster under adequate immunosuppression.

To determine the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cardiac surgery patients before and after donor screening for anti-HCV and surrogate markers of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). Also, to characterize donors who were HCV seronegative and who lacked surrogate markers at the time of donation, but whose recipient seroconverted to HCV.

Following guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control, the Clinical Center implemented a Universal Precautions policy in November 1987 in an attempt to reduce healthcare workers' risks for occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens. All hospital personnel whose jobs entailed potential exposure to patients' blood and body substances were required to attend a training session and complete a written examination. Based on data from surveys conducted before and twelve months after training in Universal Precautions, the frequency of cutaneous exposure to blood decreased by 50% in temporal association with implementation of Universal Precautions. Staff at the Clinical Center are required to take a refresher course in Universal Precautions annually. The prevalence of bloodborne infections is high in Japan; however, Universal Precautions are not widely practiced in Japan. This study is designed: 1) to evaluate and compare nurses' knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, occupational risks, and appropriate prevention strategies for managing patients infected with bloodborne pathogens in the healthcare setting in seven university hospitals in Japan and at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health in the US; 2) to compare self-reported levels of compliance with existing infection control recommendations designed to limit risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens in all four institutions; 3) to compare self-reported frequencies of cutaneous exposures to blood at the four hospitals in the study; and 4) to evaluate the effect of educational intervention on nurses perceived compliance with recommendations and on the frequency of self-reported exposures to blood.

The purpose of the Twinrix Pregnancy Registry is to prospectively collect data describing exposure to Twinrix before or during pregnancy, potential confounding factors (such as exposure to other medications) and information related to the outcome of the pregnancy. This is a prospective, voluntary, observational, exposure-registration study. Twinrix is designated as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Pregnancy Category C, which means that its safety in human pregnancy has not been determined. The Registry is intended to provide an early signal of potential risks in advance of results from formal epidemiologic studies. Registry statistics can supplement animal reproductive toxicology studies and assist clinicians in evaluating the potential risks and benefits of vaccination for individual patients.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a significant problem in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) given its high prevalence in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Interferon based regimens were cornerstone of treatment of HCV infection in the past; however, due to their low efficacy and high rates of adverse effects, they have been abandoned in the new era of direct acting antivirals (DAAs). Several studies demonstrated the efficacy and safety of DAAs, yet data regarding clinical practice of these agents in KTRs is still needed. Therefore, we conducted a study using our registry data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAAs in KTRs.

An observational double-blind cohort study that examined the association between HCV viral hepatitis, blood sugar level and systolic blood pressure in the Egyptian population

Chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) is usually asymptomatic; nevertheless, there are studies that show that up to two thirds of patients may present some type of extrahepatic manifestation. The most frequent extrahepatic manifestation is type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCG-II) and clinically the most common presentation is leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) with palpable purpura that affects the lower extremities. It is estimated that up to 80% of MCG-II cases are due to CHC. Also, previous studies have demonstrated that CHC prevalence is higher in patients with autoimmune diseases compared with general population. Therefore, if vasculitis is an extrahepatic manifestation of CHC, then the prevalence of CHC infection in this group of patients could be higher than the prevalence reported in general population. The aim of the study is to know the prevalence of CHC, determined by serological rapid test for hepatitis C screening, then all positive cases will be confirmed by quantitative viral load, in patients who consult primarily to a rheumatology department for "vasculitis" or other potential hepatitis C extrahepatic manifestations (rheumatological conditions).

This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of Glecaprevir plus Pibrentasvir in participants with chronic hepatitis C in a real-life setting across clinical practice populations in the Russian Federation.

The principal objective of the study is to perform a first step of technical adjustment and preliminary validation of a diagnostic test for hepatitis B (HBsAntigen, anti-HBs Antibody and anti-HBc Antibody) on capillary blood with the device under study in non-immunized subjects against hepatitis B, in subjects with hepatitis B, in subjects with old or cured hepatitis B and in hepatitis B vaccine recipients, compared with the values obtained with the reference technique of medical biology laboratory on serum. The analysis will be performed on the entire cohort.

This is a one-time cross-sectional survey study of approximately 200 self-identified black or African-American patients who have had chronic hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) that will evaluate patients' willingness to participate (WTP) in health/medical research related to HCV and attitudinal factors that might be associated with WTP, such as benefits and barriers to research participation, mistrust of physicians/researchers, health literacy, and knowledge of health/research studies.