Active clinical trials for "Hepatitis B"

The purpose of this study is to confirm efficacy and safety when administering lamivudine tablet alone in subjects with hepatitis B virus-induced liver cirrhosis.

Taiwan is an endemic region for hepatitis B. Before the implementation of a nationwide vaccination program in 1984, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier rate in the general population was 15 to 20%.1-2 The major impact of hepatitis B (HB) infection is its long-term sequelae which may include chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.3 Perinatal infection accounts for 40-50% of all hepatitis B infections and is responsible for the generation-to-generation transmission of HB virus.4 Hepatitis B vaccines, both plasma derived and recombinant, are highly immunogenic and efficacious.5-10 It has been reported that HB vaccine given soon after birth is able to protect infants from perinatal infection and HB infection became the first disease model to show that mother-to-neonate transmission can be interrupted by an effective vaccine.11 Taiwan started a national program of HB vaccination since 1984. This program resulted in a significant reduction of the HB carrier rate in children aged below 10 years from 9.8% before nationwide vaccination to 1.3% after the program.12 It also decreased the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children aged 6 to 9 years from 0.52 to 0.13 per 100,000.13 However, the duration of protection provided by the HB vaccine and the proper timing of a booster dose remains unclear. Because the HB vaccine is a subunit protein vaccine, which contains only HBsAg, a limited duration of protection is anticipated. The results of several long-term follow-up studies of the protective efficacy of HB vaccination have been published. Soon after vaccination, protective levels of antibody (anti-HBs >10 mIU/mL) can be detected in the great majority (83-99%) of vaccinees.5-7 The proportion of vaccinees with protective anti-HBs levels decreases to 75-87% 5 years after vaccination and further drops to 50 to 70% 10-12 years after.10,11,14,15,19-21 Because of the progressive decline of anti-HBs and the associated increased likelihood of development of new HBV infections, some investigators advise the use of a booster vaccination.20,21 However, a preponderance of data indicates that the protective efficacy of the HB vaccine can last for at least 5 to 10 years and a booster before 5 years is not necessary.16-18,22,23 By demonstrating significant augmentation of cellular immunity and adequate induction of a protective level of antiHBs (>10 mIU/ml) in HBsAg and HBeAg-positive subjects 10 years after HB vaccination, we also proved that protection afforded by HB vaccination persisted for no less than 10 years in all vaccinees.R Nevertheless, the protective efficacy after the period of 10 years remains unknown. Knowledge of the duration of protection of HB vaccine and the optimal timing of booster vaccination remains crucial. In this study, we are going to examine the humoral and cellular immunity and monitored the antibody response following a booster dose of HB vaccine in a group of children whom had been vaccinated 14 years prior to this study.

Routine childhood immunization (RCI) in Pakistan is well below the recommended coverage of 90% with rates as low as 16% in certain regions (Pakistan DHS 2012-3). This has led to continued polio transmission, large measles outbreaks and thousands of deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases (Kazi.Bull WHO 2016). Mobile phone communication is widespread in developing countries and has proven a potential method of directly connecting pregnant women and mothers to health services (Kharbanda. Expert Review of Vaccine 2014). The investigators propose conducting a mixed methods proof of concept cluster randomized trial (CRT) to assess the effectiveness of different types of SMS messaging and automated calls to improve RCI and understand the perceptions and barriers that may affect SMS and automated call-based interventions at participants levels. the investigators will conduct the study at urban and rural sites in Pakistan. The investigators will examine an important public health question - do low cost, automated SMS, and automated messages improve RCI coverage in resource-constrained settings? Further, investigators will compare the effectiveness of reminder, educational and interactive text messages for improving RCI and will generate socio-cultural data regarding the impact of participants health beliefs that will be important for setting up the appropriate interventions in other LMICs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the current prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a multi-ethnic neighbourhood situated in Middle Limburg, Belgium. Additionally, the investigators will determine linkage of care in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive subjects.

The project will evaluate cost and treatment outcomes of a simplified hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing, treatment and care model integrated with HIV testing and treatment among key affected populations including people who inject drugs (PWID) in Myanmar.

This observational retrospective study will enroll at least 158 patients affected by Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL) with previous HBV exposure (HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive with or without anti-HBs) treated with Ibrutinib single agent according to the IWCLL criteria 2008. Patients will be divided into two cohorts, one encompassing patients who received lamivudine and the second one including patients who received no prophylaxis. Each patient will be observed for one year from the first administration of Ibrutinib.

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are often treated with medications that suppress the immune system. These patients are therefore at increased risk for developing infections, such as influenza, pneumonia, and hepatitis B, which may be prevented by vaccination. While awareness is increasing among gastroenterologists of the importance of vaccinations in the IBD patient, there continues to be some question of the effectiveness of vaccination in immunosuppressed patients. It has been previously shown that patients on immunosuppressive therapy with certain biologic medications (the TNF-blockers: infliximab and adalimumab) had an impaired immune response to vaccination as compared to healthy controls, as the mechanism of immunosuppression for these agents is systemic. Vedolizumab, a biologic medication for CD and UC approved in May 2014, targets the α4β7 integrin, a key component of gut immunity, and as such it has been hypothesized that with this agent effects are gut specific. There is limited data that suggests that in healthy patients given vedolizumab do not have an altered response to parentally administered vaccines, however there are no studies in the CD and UC population describing this. Additionally, IBD patients treated with vedolizumab are frequently also on concomitant therapy with an immunomodulator (6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, or methotrexate), and these patients ability to mount an immune response has not been demonstrated.

As an alternative biomarker of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA) transcriptional activity, hepatitis B virus(HBV)RNA may evolve during long-lasting virus-host interactionsduring chronic hepatitis B viral infection.The distribution pattern of serum HBV RNA levels in the natural course of chronic HBV infection remains unclear. Furthermore,serum HBV RNA was associated with response to NAs. So it may be another clinical surrogate marker for intrahepatic cccDNA level after long-term NAs treatment and be used to monitor NAs therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate thelevels of HBV RNA during the natural courseof CHB and the role in distinguishingthe natural phases of HBV infection and to investigate whether serum HBV RNA level at the end of long-term NAs treatment had a similar or better predict effect on off-therapy relapse than serum HBsAg titer.

This study aims to evaluate the immunologic response to the two hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination booster strategies in previously vaccinated HIV-infected adults at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital.

Background: Treatment of some diseases can suppress the immune system. This can cause other conditions to reactivate. Recent cases have shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivates in people who had already recovered from it during treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Their treatment was direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents. Researchers want to see how common this reactivation is. They want to learn what the effects are. They will study data that have already been collected. Objectives: To study HBV reactivation in people with CHC and resolved HBV infection who are being treated with interferon-free DAA-based therapy. Eligibility: Data were collected from adults 18 and older in studies that were done in 2012 and 2016. Design: Researchers will screen the records from the previous studies. They will identify participants who had HBV infection before they got DAA-based treatment. Researchers will take data from those records. This will include data on: Age, sex, race, and ethnicity Treatment and disease status Lab results Researchers will test stored samples. They will test samples that were taken before, during, and after treatment. They will check if HBV was reactivated. They will also check if other clinical outcomes occurred.