Active clinical trials for "Hepatitis"

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases, with prevalence estimates ranging from 5% to 20%. Depression is now recognized as a brain disease; it can be managed and treated effectively with a wide range of options, but its biological basis is still far from clear. Studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs suggest polygenic inheritance, with an overall heritability estimate between 40% and 70 %. Gene-environment interaction has been recognized for a long time in the pathophysiology of depression, and its best biological substratum at present is represented by the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene. It would be interesting to study association between the novel allelic variants or at least the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and depression. Depression is common in patients with end-stage renal disease and to occur in about 20% to 30% of hemodialysis patients. Interferon-induced depression is estimated up to 50% among patients with hepatitis C. Several sets of observations support the supposition that cytokines, and proinflammatory cytokines in particular, are involved in depressive disorders. Depression sufferers have been reported to have elevated blood levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).

The focus of the study is to identify viral factors and host immune responses that differentiate HBV-related HCC patients from HBV patients who have not progressed to HCC. To that end, the investigators will compare gene expression levels between HCC patients and non-HCC patients categorized into high and low risk profiles. The investigators will perform ANOVA to compare three groups (HCC, high risk, low risk). Multiple comparison corrections will be performed using Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate (FDR) with a 90% confidence that the discovery lists will contain no more than 5% false positives (FDR<0.05) (PMID: 12584122, 11682119). A p-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant using this multiple comparison correction approach. Post-hoc Student-Newman-Keuls or Tukey tests will be used following ANOVA for comparisons of HCC patients with high risk and low risk. If data are not normally distributed when log-transformed, then Kruskall-Wallis tests will be used. ANCOVA will be used to adjust for the effects of covariates, such as age, gender, and HBV genotype (B or C). Further, the investigators often use an additional 2-fold change criterion for significance because the investigators consider a fold change of this magnitude to be biologically significant. Hierarchical clustering analyses and principal component analyses will be used to visualize how well the genes separate the groups, or to discover new subgroups. For the analysis of SNVs, the exact binomial test will be performed and p-values will be adjusted by the Benjamini-Hochberg correction.

This study is a retrospective study conducted at 36 sites. Planned target patient number is 1000.

To investigate the efficacy of using antiviral therapy in third trimester of pregnancy to reduce mother-to-infant HBV transmission, and to access the safety of such treatment for mothers and infants.

The investigators observed the level of IL-35 secreting B regulatory (IL-35+Bregs) cells in peripheral blood cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B, and analysed the relationship between the IL-35+Bregs level and disease stage, and Th1 and Th2 cells level.

SHARP-C is an observational cohort study investigating the effect of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy and reinfection in people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and recent injecting drug use. A prospective, observational cohort design will be used to enrol patients attending tertiary drug and alcohol and primary health care services. Participants will be prescribed a direct-acting HCV medication as per the standard of care. The on treatment phase will vary dependent on the type of a direct-acting antiviral prescribed as per the standard of care. Once patients have completed their treatment course they will be followed up every 3 months for up to 3 years following the end of treatment phase. The study will aim to evaluate the incidence of HCV reinfection following successful DAA treatment over the three years of follow up. The study will also evaluate the proportion of patients with undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks post end of treatment (SVR12) with direct-acting anti-viral HCV therapy.

The growing population of young people who inject drugs (PWID) is at extremely high risk for HCV infection through the use of contaminated injection equipment, yet, to date, no behavioral intervention has been sufficiently potent to produce significant reductions in HCV incidence among PWID. To address this critical public health need, our team developed Staying Safe (Ssafe), an innovative, strengths-based, socio-behavioral HCV prevention intervention found in preliminary research to be highly acceptable and feasible, with strong indications of efficacy. The proposed randomized, controlled trial will assess the effectiveness of the Ssafe intervention in reducing both injection-related HCV/HIV risk behavior and HCV incidence among young adults (ages 18-29) who inject opioids (heroin and/or prescription opioids).

The overarching purpose of the proposed research is to demonstrate that high coverage implementation of combined prevention and care using an innovative approach will end the HIV epidemic among PWID in Haiphong, Viet Nam.

This is an interventional, non-randomized, controlled prospective study to treat HCV in mono-infected and HIV co-infected individuals and compare cardiovascular risk outcomes to HIV mono-infected controls. This pilot study will demonstrate whether functional cure of HCV reduces myocardial injury and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Conduct a rigorous formative evaluation of the initial deployment of the Annie texting system across several pilot test sites and from these findings, develop and test an augmented implementation strategy to facilitate more rapid adoption of Annie across VA.