Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

DMPA (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or the 'depot' injection) is a widely used contraception. It is popular in woman with HIV as it probably still works when you take HIV drugs. HIV drugs can increase or decrease the level of other drugs (e.g. contraceptives) in your bloodstream which may make them work less well or increase side effects. It is assumed that DMPA can be given with HIV drugs there are no studies proving this. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether an HIV drug combination containing lopinavir/ritonavir affects DMPA when they are taken at the same time.

The purpose of this study is to see if offering a general health screening tailored towards high-risk groups (African immigrants, injection drug users (IDUs), and minority men who have sex with men (MSM)) will increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, counseling, and linkage acceptance rates in community pharmacies.

Thilao is a multi-country, phase 2b, non-randomized study, in Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal, West Africa. HIV-1 adults with 2nd-line ART virologic failure (plasma HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/ml) will be recruited and followed in two phases: First, a 12-week intentive adherence reinforcement phase, during which patients will continue 2nd-line ART, be seen repeatidly for counseling and educational training on adherence, and be offered the possibility of phone, SMS and home visit contacts with social workers; Second, a 48-week phase, during which: Patients successfully resuppressed at the end of the first phase will continue 2nd-line ART and adherence reinforcement; Patients with persitent virologic failure will switch to a darunavir/r + raltegravir-based 3rd-line ART. Genotype resistance tests will be performed retrospectively on frozen samples. The main outcome will be the percentage of patients with plasma HIV-1 viral RNA <50 copies/ml at 64 weeks.

Chinese prescriptions can inhibit viral replication according to the course of viral replication, and the effects is similar to the effect of HAART, and even better than the anti-viral and immune reconstitution of HAART due to its effect on improve immune system function. Over the past decades, many researchers have screened the effective Chinese medicines to treat AIDS.

Retrospective longitudinal cohort study with 36 HIV naïve-treatment patients, who started therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz (LPV/r or EFZ), follow-up of 36 months. Primary endpoint: virological success (HIV RNA <50 copies/mL) in the first six months and at the end of the study.

Background Low concentrations of protease inhibitors (PIs) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are associated with an increased risk of virological failure. Likewise, excessive antiretroviral drug concentrations increase the risk of toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may identify and correct excessively high or low PI and/or NNRTI concentrations, and thus minimize toxicity and risk of treatment failure. Treatment guidelines only recommend using TDM to help optimize ARV therapy in selected patients, and there are no clear recommendations to guide the clinician who decides to adjust drug doses. Prospective studies have demonstrated the relationship between EFV plasma concentration and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Moreover, EFV is metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 2B6 and its concentration was reported to be associated with the CYP2B6 516GrT genetic polymorphism. For drugs such as EFV or LPV/r, lower doses than the ones validated for standard clinical use have demonstrated efficacy in dose-ranging studies. The investigators will use a standardised algorithm to reduce doses in patients with plasma EFV or LPV/r concentration above percentile 75. This algorithm is based on a Bayesian approach from the pharmacology unit in Lausanne. The investigators hypothesize that a dosage individualisation is feasible and safe. 2.2 Study Aims The investigators aim at testing a simplified algorithm for dose reduction in patients with documented virological efficacy, treated by a stable LPV/r or EFV based regimen with elevated plasma concentration of these drugs. Study Design Prospective open label study in which all eligible patients screened with a plasma drug concentration of either EFV or LPV/r above percentile 75 will be included. After confirmation of the results at baseline, patients will be offered to decrease drug dosage by a third or a half according to a standardised algorithm. All patients will undergo HIVRNA, biochemistry and validated questionnaires after 3 and 6 months to assess the safety and the benefit of this strategy.

The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits of ARV treatment to patients, to the family members of patients on ARV treatment, and to communities at large. The study also aims to investigate the impact of a peer adherence support and a nutritional intervention on measures of treatment success. To this end, 648 patients who had commenced ARV treatment in the past month at twelve selected health care facilities will be recruited into the study. In addition, 204 randomly sampled households from the communities served by the twelve selected clinics will be recruited into the study. Trained enumerators will at baseline conduct semi-structured interviews with patients and households. Following the baseline survey, patients recruited into the study will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: Patients receiving ARV treatment and the associated support currently provided in the public sector ARV treatment programme. Patients receiving (a) plus bi-weekly visits by an experienced ARV patient who has been trained as a peer adherence supporter Patients receiving (a) and (b) plus a weekly nutritional supplement in the form of two 400g cans of meatballs and spaghetti in tomato sauce The group of 'comparison' households comprises the fourth group. Trained enumerators will conduct follow-up interviews with all patients and households at approximately six- and at twelve-months respectively. In addition, the ARV coordinator and other providers working in the ARV treatment programme at each of the twelve selected health care facilities will be interviewed by trained enumerators, at baseline and again at six- and at twelve-months. Clinical data will be obtained from patient files at baseline and at completion of the study. Using these data, various outcomes of importance to the study will be compared between the four study groups, using experimental and non-experimental methods.

The investigators are proposing that energy specific electromagnetic radiation of the central nervous system, the viscera and the endocrine system has the potential to enhance the immune system; thereby enhancing the production of killer cells to fight and destroy the human immunodeficiency virus.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a peer-based HIV prevention intervention that targets active injection drug users and their drug and sex partners in Chennai India.

To study the collection of blood from individuals known to be at high risk for HIV-infection or who have been recently infected with HIV. The data collected are used for diagnostic, prognostic and management decisions as outlined by current HIV-1 Treatment Guidelines.