Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of rosuvastatin in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected individuals lowers inflammation in blood vessels, improves blood circulation in the small arteries that provide nutrients to the heart muscle and improves neurocognitive function.

Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) bear a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer and its precursor, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), that result from persistent high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HIV clinical practice guidelines recommend two Pap tests in the year following diagnosis, and if both are normal, yearly thereafter. Nationally, only 25% of women meet this recommendation. The mean annual Pap testing rate for federally funded HIV centers is only 55.7%. In 2009, quality improvement statistics from the Johns Hopkins Hospital Moore Clinic, a large urban HIV center, revealed an annual Pap testing rate of 59%. This occurred despite interventions to address adherence issues were implemented, including nurse case management, co-location of HIV and gynecology services, flexible scheduling, and continuity of care. Women keep their appointments for HIV primary care more often than for gynecology care in the Moore Clinic, so an intervention that takes place during a primary care visit could improve cervical cancer screening rates. The availability of HPV testing provides a unique opportunity to increase perceived susceptibility to and severity of cervical cancer among women with HIV, and to encourage follow-up Pap testing. HPV testing involves analyzing a sample of cervicovaginal cells for the presence of high-risk HPV strains. Detection of high-risk strains of the virus indicates a high risk for high grade CIN and cancer, while a negative HPV test predicts a less than 2% risk of developing CIN. HPV testing can be easily conducted by women themselves through self-collection in a primary care visit. Studies of women without HIV who do not have regular Pap testing have demonstrated that self-collected HPV testing and results counseling increases the overall screening rate, and women who test positive for HPV have a high rate of follow-up Pap testing. Self-collected HPV testing and results counseling could be utilized in the HIV primary care setting to promote Pap testing among women with HIV.

The purpose of this study is to see whether taking indinavir (IDV) plus ritonavir (RTV) plus stavudine (d4T) plus lamivudine (3TC) 2 times each day is safe and can lower the level of HIV in the blood.

The purpose of this study is to determine if prophylactic cotrimoxazole makes severe anemia or neutropenia more common in infants exposed to maternal HIV and combination antiretroviral therapy.

Adolescents are at risk for HIV because of sexual and drug use behavior initiated during early adolescence, and those with mental health problems appear to be particularly susceptible. Problems with managing emotions may make it difficult for early adolescents to make good decisions about sexual and substance use behaviors. This project will develop and evaluate interventions for early adolescents with mental health issues. An intervention focused on teaching affect management skills will be compared to an intervention addressing a variety of health topics to determine which intervention best reduces risk behavior among this at-risk population.

The aim of this study is to estimate the usefulness of QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube® and T-SPOT.TB® for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in HIV infected antiretroviral naive patients: 80 originated from low TB prevalence countries, without any active TB; 80 HIV infected antiretroviral naïve patients originated from high TB prevalence countries, without any active TB, 40 HIV infected patients with active TB and 40 HIV negative patients with active TB.

All eligible patients will be invited to use electronic monitoring of medication (MEMS) during the next six months. After two months with MEMS the enrolled patients will be randomized to intervention group or to control group. The intervention group will be submitted to four social-psycho sessions with a pre-trained health professional. The control group will receive the usual care of the health service. The study will compare the rate of adherence to antiretroviral therapy between the intervention group and the control group. The duration of the study will be of six months. The analysis will be based on "intention-to-treat.

The study aims to invite male sexual partners to attend antenatal clinic with their pregnant partners to either acquire pregnancy information or undergo voluntary counselling and testing for HIV. To see if male sexual partner involvement will decrease sexual risk behaviour.

The purpose of this program is to evaluate an effort to provide a comprehensive package of HIV prevention services of which post-exposure prophylaxis (medicines that may help prevent HIV infection after an exposure) can be a part. It will also include risk reduction information and testing for other sexually transmitted infections.

Palliative care is believed to improve care of patients with life-limiting illnesses. This study evaluated the impact of a multi-center randomized trial of a palliative care team intervention on the quality and cost of care of hospitalized patients. Study subjects were randomized to intervention or usual care. At study end, patients receiving the palliative care intervention reported greater patient satisfaction with their care. Intervention patients also had significantly fewer ICU admissions and lower total costs for care 6 months past their hospitalization. Intervention patients completed more advance directives and had longer hospice stays.