Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

Adolescents are at risk for HIV because of sexual and drug behavior intiated during this developmental period. Those with psychological distress are less likely than their peers to benefit from frequently used skills-based interventions. It appears that emotional lability during sexual situations disrupts skills learned. This project will implement and evaluate interventions for adolescents with psychiatric disorders who are in therapeutic school settings. Affect management and skills-based interventions will be compared to a didactic standard of care condition to determine which intervention best reduces risk behavior among adolescents with psychiatric disorders in therapeutic school settings.

This study will begin to develop a culturally appropriate secondary prevention intervention for young HIV+ women through focus groups. Using three intervention sites, focus groups will guide the development of the intervention's framework and content areas. An intervention will be developed/adapted through the data collected in the focus groups and review of relevant interventions. The intervention aims to address the following concerns: 1) reducing the risk of young women infected with HIV transmitting the virus to their sexual partners, and 2) preventing young women infected with HIV from re-infection with a new viral strain or co-infection with another sexually transmitted disease.

The IMAGE Study is a cluster randomised trial of a structural intervention for the prevention of HIV and gender based violence being conducted in South Africa.

HIV can be transmitted from an HIV infected mother to her infant through her breast milk. The purpose of this study is to determine whether giving infants of HIV infected mothers the anti-HIV drug nevirapine (NVP) for six weeks will reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Study hypothesis: Six weeks of nevirapine prophylaxis provided to the infant will decrease HIV transmission through breastfeeding.

Anti-HIV drug regimens can be very complicated. This study will evaluate a new electronic pillbox designed to help people take their anti-HIV drugs correctly.

The purpose of this study is to see if giving the anti-HIV drug nevirapine (NVP) to HIV-positive pregnant women and their babies can help reduce the chance that a mother will give HIV to her baby during delivery. Previous studies suggest that NVP is a promising medication for blocking HIV transmission from HIV-positive mothers to their babies.

This study is a Phase I, open-label, single dose, mass balance study in a cohort of 6 healthy adult male subjects. The study will consist of: Screening evaluations, a treatment phase, and follow-up evaluations. In the treatment phase, after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours, each subject will receive a single oral suspension dose of GSK2248761 200mg containing [14C] - GSK2248761. Following dosing, serial whole blood, plasma, urine, and fecal samples will be collected. Subjects will be required to remain in the unit until the radiocarbon excreted falls to less than or equal to 1% of the administered dose for two consecutive 24-hour collections in both urine and feces, whichever occurs first. Safety will be assessed by vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), clinical laboratory tests, AE monitoring, and physical examinations as indicated.

The reduction with antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV RNA in blood, and HIV RNA in infected cells and in viruses associated with the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network in lymphatic tissues, typically follows a two-phase pattern of decline. The half-life of the first-phase is about 1 day and that of the second phase is about 14 days, with comparable estimates for first-phase decay in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. While substantial evidence supports the current view that first-phase decay reflects the death of activated CD4+ T cells infected before ART was begun, the sources of viral RNA in the second phase have not as yet been conclusively established. Possible sources of viral RNA that have been invoked in mathematical models, or for which there is experimental evidence, include longer-lived infected cells such as macrophages and resting CD4+ T cells, dissociation of virus from the FDC network, and productively infected CD4+ T cells that are not subject to clearance by host immune responses because of waning levels of HIV antigen. Raltegravir (MK-0518) belongs to a new class of integrase inhibitors that potently suppress HIV and SIV replication, and reportedly markedly alters the second phase HIV decline in a way that challenges the current view that longer-lived infected cells are the source of virus in this phase. While mathematical modeling of decay of HIV RNA in blood was most consistent with 1) cells newly infected by long-lived cells, or 2) from activation of latently infected cells with full-length unintegrated HIV DNA as a source of second phase virus, we think the data are also quite consistent with the greater efficacy of integrase inhibitors in a particular cell type and/or anatomic site such as the gut. In this protocol we will test the hypothesis that the rapid decrease in HIV replication associated with raltegravir is due to a more complete suppression of viral replication in lymphatic compartments such as lymph nodes and gastrointestinal lymphatic tissue. We will also investigate compartment-specific intracellular levels of raltegravir to potentially explain differences in changes in these compartments.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether two educational programs about HIV will improve the quality of life of HIV infected people living in the rural villages of China. The study will enroll HIV infected adult residents, influential community members, and other community members of selected villages of Funan County or Yingzhou District, Anhui Province, China.

The availability of antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV-1 infection has led to a reduction in morbidity in patients with chronic HIV infection. However, cART does not eliminate HIV-1 that persists as a latent infection in cellular reservoirs. Usually, HIV viremia rapidly rebounds if antiretroviral therapy is interrupted. Consequently, HIV infected individuals must commit to expensive, life-long therapies and must tackle problems associated with chronic infection and uninterrupted cART, including continuous clinical and laboratory monitoring, drug toxicities, and chronic immune activation/inflammation. Currently, there is an emerging interest in developing safe and affordable curative strategies that would eliminate the need for lifelong therapy. However, to date only allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has shown results in decreasing the HIV-1 reservoirs. The IciStem Consortium (www.icistem.org) has assembled the largest and most exhaustive observational cohort for the study of HIV reservoir dynamics in allo-HSCT HIV+ individuals with severe hematological malignancies worldwide. Within the cohort, only individuals transplanted with a donor with thw CCR5A32 mutation have shown signs of HIV remission. On the other side broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have shown the potential to control HIV infection. This study intends to evaluate if the allo-HSCT combined with the additional application of bNAbs is effective to control HIV replication.