Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

This observational study is supposed to assess (under conditions of clinical practice in daily routine) whether treatment with Viramune (nevirapine) in combination with ARV, e.g. Combivir (Zidovudine and Lamivudine), Kivexa (Abacavir and Lamivudine) or Truvada (tenofovir and emtricitabine) will durably suppress viral load below the limit of detection or will maintain suppression of viral replication (HIV-RNA below limit of detection) achieved under previous anti-retroviral combination therapy after switch to combination treatment of Viramune (nevirapine) and ARV, e.g. Combivir (Zidovudine and Lamivudine), Kivexa (Abacavir and Lamivudine) or Truvada (tenofovir and emtricitabine).

Each year around 200 blood donors in the UK are found to be infected with blood-borne diseases (HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HTLV), while several others have been identified as having an increased risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). Although the notification procedures for these infections vary, their effectiveness and appropriateness have never been evaluated in a systematic study. The proposed research has been designed to assess the responses of blood donors to notification and their satisfaction with how they were informed about the infection. The study will be implemented using standard questionnaire-based measures (French et al, 2004; Marteau & Bekker, 1992). The study will involve approximately 600 blood donors who were informed of an infection or possible infection with blood-borne diseases in 2008 and 2009, and approximately 100 donors notified of possible risk of vCJD infection in 2005. A comparable group of 2005 donors will be included to control for the effects of time. As the majority of donors testing positive donated to NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), the participants will be identified from the NHSBT database only, and their availability confirmed through their GP or specialist clinician. A standardized questionnaire will be then sent to all those identified as eligible. The study will last 12 months, but direct participant involvement will be limited to the time required to complete the questionnaire, which should take under one hour. To safeguard confidentiality, no identifiable personal data will be used in the analysis. Where demographic or medical information already held by NHSBT is retrieved to minimise response burden, this will be pseudonymised before use. The study is sponsored by the blood services for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The results will be used to inform notification procedures in the future.

The virological efficacy will be no different in children treated with single versus double boosted PI second line ART regimens.

Since 2004, the Thai Ministry of Public Health has massively scaled up antiretroviral treatment programs to provide therapy to more than 80,000 patients with partial support of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM). As access to HIV care continues to expand under the universal health coverage system, it is important to document and analyze the efficacy, tolerance, toxicity and acceptability of antiretroviral therapy within pilot treatment programs, to provide evidence based feedback and recommendations to the national program and policy makers.

This study will examine whether HIV-infected patients are more likely to develop resistance to antiretroviral therapy if their blood is not monitored for the number of viruses (viral load) in the body. A virus that changes (mutates) over time may become resistant to certain types of medicine. This resistance may affect future treatment options. This study will compare the amount of virus in the blood of HIV-infected patients who have been monitored for viral load with the amount of virus in the blood of patients who have not been monitored for viral load. For patients who have detectable virus, the type of resistance (mutations) of the virus will be determined by comparing the components of the virus with that of a virus that is known not to be resistant. HIV-infected patients 18 years of age or older who are being treated at the Infectious Diseases Institute at Mulago Hospital at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, may be eligible for this study. Participants are interviewed about the treatments they have received for HIV and how they usually take their anti-HIV drugs. They also have a blood sample drawn for research tests.

Study of genetic polymorphisms of CYP #A and MDR-1 genes in Thai HIV-1 infected patients on saquinavir/ritonavir.

Cardiovascular risk appears to be linked to some degree with inflammation. HIV medications have been linked with cardiovascular risk. In this study we will be measuring levels of chemicals in the body associated with inflammation before and after starting HIV medications in patients with HIV. We hope to understand what happens to these chemicals once a patient with HIV is started on these medications to understand their role in cardiovascular risk.

According to the national guidelines in Uganda and to the World Health Organization guidelines, HIV-infected patients should receive cotrimoxazole prophylaxis indefinitely. There are, however, concerns regarding the indefinite application of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among patients immunologically stabilized on HAART (e.g. high pill burden, drug-drug interactions, toxicity and poor adherence because of treatment fatigue). To date no empirical evidence is available regarding the safety and optimal timing for the cessation of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HAART patients who successfully restored immunological competence. Research question: Does morbidity significantly differ between continuation (orthodox) and cessation (experimental) of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among immuno-competent patients stable HAART in the resource-limited setting of Uganda?

Prevention of HIV-1 transmission from mother-to-child by non-breast-feeding is complicated by increased infant mortality in developing countries. However, extensive counselling about formula feeding turned out safe in Vietnam, a middle-income country.Extensive counselling together with formula feeding and antiretroviral therapy reduced vertical transmission of HIV-1 considerably.

The mouth may play an important part in monitoring HIV progression. Mucosal lesions of the mouth are often the first sign of infection and their development in already diagnosed individuals indicates disease progression. In addition, saliva may provide a non-invasive way to track viral load. The purpose of this study is to establish standardized practices for examining the mouth and identifying oral mucosal lesions as well as to establish a correlation of viral load with HIV particles found in saliva.