Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

Tenofovir (TDF)-containing regimens may be associated with decreasing renal function in HIV-infected patients concurrently treated with boosted PI's and/or have co-morbid conditions including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.

Advocacy groups have voiced concerns about the ethics of some of tenets of the CDC's new HIV testing recommendations for the healthcare setting. Three concerns are paramount: (1) the opt-out approach to HIV testing can potentially be coercive and not truly voluntary; (2) by replacing informed consent with general consent for medical care, test participants might not know or be adequately informed of the benefits and consequences of testing; and (3) eliminating HIV prevention counseling from the HIV testing process presumes that test participants are aware of how to prevent an HIV infection, which might not be correct. This study involves conducting interviews of HIV advocates who are raising these concerns, surveying outpatient and emergency department clinical providers about their beliefs and opinions regarding the tenets of the new guidelines, and then conducting a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial in which the ethical concerns of opt-out vs. opt-in testing are directly compared. We will conduct a multi-center, randomized, controlled, trial whereby patients will be surveyed on their perspectives and perceptions regarding opt-out or opt-in rapid HIV testing. We will survey the participants regarding their perception of coercion, their understanding of the elements contained in the informed consent process, their HIV risk factors, and their knowledge of HIV prevention. We will evaluate whether or not the CDC-recommended approaches regarding opt-out testing, consent, and decoupling of prevention counseling are supported. If there are no differences regarding these ethical concerns between testing approaches, then the opt-out approach would be considered not to be inferior to the opt-in approach.

The purpose of this observational study is to characterize which immune system cells hide the latent reservoir of HIV by counting the number of latent HIV in different subsets of CD4 cells. Observations will also be made on other possible mechanisms of HIV persistence by looking at cellular factors such as APOBEC3 and drug transporters. The purpose of this study is to develop new strategies to reduce and possibly eliminate the latent reservoir in HIV infected adults.

Does subtype of HIV-1 affect the response of ARVs given to Ugandan children

Women represent an increasing proportion of HIV cases globally and in Canada, yet are underrepresented in clinic trials. It is therefore critical to conduct this study on antiretroviral (ARV) pharmacokinetics (PK) in women to obtain additional information on ARV drug levels in women and their relation to adverse events (AEs). The hypothesis for this study is three-fold: that the mean drug levels (Cmin and Cmax) of ARVs will be significantly higher in our female population as compared to the mean drug levels in the historical HIV population (which is primarily men) that ARV drug levels, particularly Cmin, are associated with body weight in women that higher ARV drug levels, particularly Cmax, are associated with higher frequency and severity of AEs. The objectives of this study are as follows: Primary objectives: To demonstrate that levels of Protease Inhibitors (PIs) and Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) are significantly higher in our female population as compared to the mean drug levels in the historical general population (which is primarily men). To determine the association between PI and NNRTI minimum concentration (Cmin) and body weight in our female population. Secondary objectives To determine the association between maximum concentration (Cmax) and the frequency and severity of AEs as measured by the proportion of patients with grade 2 or higher laboratory or clinical AEs and the Symptom Index Score in women. To determine the association between ARV drug levels and age, race, height, body mass index, adherence, hormonal levels and therapy, menstruation history, duration of HIV infection, duration on ARV therapy, baseline viral load, baseline CD4 count, present CD4 count, hepatitis B or C infection, class of ARVs, presence of ritonavir and other medications.

A roll-over observational study (ISS T-003 EF-UP) is being conducted to extend the follow-up of the volunteers of the ISS T-003 trial in order to evaluate the persistence of vaccine immunogenicity as well as of the immunological and virological effects induced by the therapeutic immunization with Tat.

This project aims at characterizing HIV-1 viral biofilms structural and functional properties and at deciphering its role as a new viral reservoir and as a new mode of viral spread. The prospective national study will be conducted on cells isolated from blood samples from 20 patients infected with HIV.

Despite effective ART that can suppress both HIV and HBV, HBV-related liver disease remains a significant co-morbidity in this population. Little is known about the histologic spectrum of liver disease, the significance of complete vs. incomplete HBV suppression, the utility of novel virologic and serum markers of disease severity, and the long-term renal and bone effects of TDF-based therapy. This proposal will address these important questions and impact the science and health of those coinfected with HBV-HIV.

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety data of etravirine in a natural clinical practice.

Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most common central nervous system infections among HIV-infected patients. The outcome is generally severe. This study aims to determine long-term survival rate among HIV-infected CM patients in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The secondary objectives are to clarify outcomes of CM and determine prognostic factors.