Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

This study will determine the amount of liver scarring (fibrosis) or liver damage in people infected with 1) hepatitis B virus (HBV, a virus that can infect the liver); 2) HIV (the virus that causes AIDS); 3) both HBV and HIV; and 4) neither HBV nor HIV. Liver fibrosis and liver damage can have many causes, including alcohol, certain medicines, exposure to some contaminated foods and infections with viruses that affect the liver (such as HBV). About 25 million people in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with HIV and about 50 million with chronic HBV, yet very little information is available on how many people are infected with both viruses and the medical implications of co-infection. Participants in Uganda s Rakai Health Sciences Program (RHSP) or Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) clinic who are 18 years of age or older may be eligible for this study. People enrolled in the study come to the clinic for at least one visit and may be asked to return yearly. During the visit, participants undergo the following procedures: Questionnaire and a short interview about their health and quality of life. Physical examination and blood draw. The blood is tested for HBV and other factors that may suggest liver disease. Blood drawn at previous clinic visits or from other studies may also be tested. Liver evaluation using a FibroScan, a medical device that uses elastic waves to measure liver stiffness in a process similar to ultrasound scanning. For this test, the subjects lies flat on the back with the arm extended out. The tip of the machine s probe is covered with gel and placed on the skin between the ribs at the level of the right lobe of the liver. The machine produces a little tap on the skin that sends a wave out and checks how fast the wave moves. The speed of the wave indicates the amount of scarring in the liver.

To obtain information on clinical practices for patients treated by Aptivus in real life

The investigators seek to determine whether Virco®TYPE HIV-1 provides benefits equivalent to those provided by local expert review. The investigators propose that clinic patients of the Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center who are having genotypic testing performed will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to local expert review and to Virco®TYPE HIV-1. Results of either method will be shared with primary HIV care providers. Patient outcomes will be reviewed at a time point equal to or greater than 2 months and 6 months following the change in antiretroviral medications following the testing

The purpose of this study is to compare the body fat distribution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infected patients receiving, since the beginning and for at least two years, an antiretroviral therapy based on efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir and a combination of tenofovir plus emtricitabine (or lamivudine).

Pharmacologic boosting of protease inhibitors with ritonavir has become standard practice in antiretroviral therapy. Patients are instructed to take ritonavir at the same time as its accompanying protease inhibitor. However, ritonavir is unpopular with many patients because of its large size and because of the recommended need for refrigeration. This study will test the hypothesis that adherence to ritonavir is inferior to adherence to its accompanying protease inhibitor in patients receiving such therapy.

This study is a cross-sectional observational study to evaluate the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in the European area and in major European ethnotypes. Any HIV-1 infected patient will be eligible for this study including treatment naïve and experienced patients, as well as patients previously tested for HLA-B*5701. Patients will be approached during a standard clinic visit, and will be consented prior to any study specific procedure. They will be asked to provide a tissue sample (cheek cells and blood sample) which will be used to assess HLA-B*5701 status by local and central laboratories. In selected sites patients may be asked to provide an additional blood sample. This sample will be used to develop and validate different methodologies for assessing HLA-B*5701 status.

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is an important but preventable mode of infection. Prevention depends on identifying pregnant women infected with HIV and offering medications during pregnancy which can dramatically decrease the chances of transmission. Currently universal screening of all pregnant women for HIV is recommended in the province of Ontario. Unfortunately the rates of screening are still low: estimates place the average rate at 50% -60%. We believe that rates in our clinic at the Women's Health Care Centre are significantly higher in part because all our patients have a first obstetrical visit. This is an unhurried visit with a trained obstetrical nurse who offers pre-test counselling and explores reasons why patients refuse testing. We hypothesize that with this system, acceptance rates for HIV screening are significantly higher than the provincial average.

This study has been designed to evaluate the performance of the Chembio Diagnostics Systems, Inc. DPP® HIV 1/2 rapid test. The device is intended to qualitatively detect the presence of antibodies against HIV-1/2 in oral fluid, whole blood (capillary and venous), serum or plasma. This study will assess the DPP® HIV 1/2 Screen assay's ability to detect HIV-1.

This study is to look at things that may affect whether or not people who are HIV-infected get into medical care and stay in medical care. some of the things that will be examined include how drug use, HIV disease severity, mental health, housing, trust, feelings of discrimination, social support, relationship with provider, and patient's race and provider's race are linked with whether or not people get health care. People who are enrolled in the study will be interviewed once, and their medical records will be examined.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a protein found naturally in the blood that helps boost the immune system. The purpose of this study is to provide long-term treatment and monitoring of HIV infected people enrolled in NIAID-funded studies investigating the use of laboratory-made IL-2 for the treatment of HIV infection.