Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

The objective of this study is to provide Maraviroc on a compassionate use basis to antiretroviral treatment experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 with urgent unmet medical needs and who, in the opinion of the physician, require Maraviroc to form a viable regimen.

This study will compare the effectiveness of brief versus detailed HIV counseling sessions, paired with referrals to either HIV-specific medical care or usual care, in reducing HIV risk behavior and in increasing treatment adherence in Uganda.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the best timing for administering pneumococcal vaccine (PV) to HIV-infected adults that have CD4 cell counts of more than 200 and are not yet receiving combination antiretroviral treatment (ART). Participants in this study will be assigned by chance to receive vaccination with PV prior to starting ART or after at least 6 months of ART. Antibody levels to components of the PV will be measured at 6 months and 12 months after vaccination. The results will tell us if patients that receive PV after 6 months of ART have better response to the vaccine than those that get vaccinated prior to treatment.

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based HIV/sexually transmitted disease prevention program in reducing sexual risk behaviors of youth attending school in Liberia.

This project will test the efficacy of a behavioral intervention to reduce sexual risk for HIV infection among African American Men who Have Sex with Men (MSM).

The purpose of this study is to determine how drug abuse treatment interventions can be integrated with established Human Immunodeficiency Virus prevention approaches to optimize their combined effectiveness.

Unfortunately, people most at risk for HIV are the least likely to enroll and remain in prevention programs. In our past work, we have learned how to increase enrollment in such programs among this group. We have identified and addressed previously ignored gender-specific and client self-validation issues that conventional interventions often leave not only uncontrolled, but often biased against participation. The present work will extend these methods from enrollment to retention. We intend to recruit a sample of 656 at-risk participants through our collaboration with the Duval County, FL Health Department for our randomized, double-blind trial. Our study will investigate if a meta-intervention video designed for empowering participants as agents of their own change can increase the number of attended sessions relative to a control condition without such a video. This trial will also determine if a meta-intervention video addressing various emotional/social and instrumental benefits of an HIV-prevention-counseling intervention can also increase the number of attended sessions. These two factors will be crossed, and their effects on retention will be estimated for different genders and ethnicities. Effects on clients' attention to the return sessions as reported by the counselor will also be explored among participants who return. We will also conduct mediator analyses for investigating if the meta-intervention has mediating influences on corresponding expectations about the return counseling session. As the inclusion of meta-cognitive measures can alter the efficacy of the intervention, half of the sample will receive measures immediately (0-10 minutes) after exposure to the meta-intervention, before attendance to the next session is registered. The other half will not complete these measures.

Using a randomized clinical trial (RCT), this study is designed to assess the effectiveness of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) risk-reduction interventions targeting injection drug users (IDUs) in three Ukraine oblasts (regions). The investigators propose to compare the effectiveness of a revised and updated manually-driven HIV testing and counseling intervention, the Counseling and Education (C & E) model developed by NIDA, with the C & E plus a manualized network intervention. At each site, Odessa, Donetsk and Nikolayev, 250 "index members" and 500 of their network members will be recruited through street outreach over a 32-month period and randomly assigned to C & E alone or C & E plus the network intervention. Participants will be tested for drug metabolites, interviewed using ACASI (Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing), and given a rapid test for HIV at baseline, 6 and 12-months. At six-months, network members will be asked to recruit two others they inject with but who are not in the study. Primary outcomes include knowledge, self-efficacy, injection and sex-related risk behavior reduction and partner disclosure among indexes and primary and secondary network members and intervention diffusion to secondary network members. The investigators hypothesize more positive and significant change, including injection and sex risk reduction, intervention diffusion, and partner disclosure, among indexes as well as first and second network members in the network plus C & E arm compared to C & E alone. Specific aims include: To compare the effectiveness of the C & E alone with the additive effect of a network intervention plus C & E in increasing knowledge about HIV and increasing self-efficacy to practice safer injection and sex-related behaviors among indexes, primary and secondary network members. To assess the effectiveness of the C & E alone with the additive effect of a network intervention plus C & E in reducing drug and sex risk behaviors among indexes, primary and secondary network members. To compare the extent of intervention diffusion to second wave network members in the two arms. To evaluate the extent of disclosure by HIV positive indexes and network members in the two arms

The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of intravaginal 1% tenofovir gel in preventing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2) infection in sexually active women.

Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is widely reported in Ethiopia, with about 30% of cases being associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In absence of antiretroviral treatment (ART), poor prognosis, high mortality and high relapse rates are characteristic of Ethiopian VL patients with HIV co-infection. Conversely, co-infection can be successfully managed via a combination of effective treatment of the initial episode, timely ART and prevention of relapses. Actually, until cellular immunity returns with ART, the patient is at risk of VL relapses, which can result in death, severe illness, reduced ART efficacy, drug-resistance and possibly transmission of drug-resistant Leishmania donovani. Patients most vulnerable to relapses are those with high levels of immunosuppression, with previous VL episodes, or with opportunistic infections (OIs). The most important factor to prevent relapses seems to be the clearance of visible parasites. Limited studies in Europe show that HIV co-infected patients may benefit from secondary prevention with antimonials (part of mainstay treatment for VL in Ethiopia) and pentamidine (PM), not used for VL treatment in Africa. Such maintenance treatment has not been studied in African VL, but the poor outcomes without secondary prevention highlight a need of better care to patients at risk of relapse. This prospective cohort study aims at documenting the patient's outcomes of secondary prophylaxis with PM in VL-HIV co-infection, in terms of time to relapse or death, safety and feasibility, before it can be considered for general use in Ethiopia. A placebo group is not included, due to the clear advantages of the intervention to the patient population.