Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

Background: Treatment of HIV-1 infected Ugandan children with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is increasing but few prospective long-term studies evaluating the treatment process have been reported. In this study we sought to determine prospectively how consistent monitoring of HIV-1 RNA levels impacts the ART treatment process. Methods: One hundred and eight children initiating ART were enrolled into this study. These children had comprehensive laboratory monitoring including HIV-1 RNA level determination and genotype analysis (where appropriate), CD4 % plus absolute counts, and safety laboratory measurements performed prior to starting therapy and at regular intervals after receiving ART. Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to examine predictors of survival and virologic failure. Viral genotype analysis was performed on samples obtained from children having virologic failure to determent the emergence of mutations.

The purpose of this trial is to determine the safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 pseudovirion vaccine given at one antigen dose alone and in combination with each of two different adjuvants using two immunization schedules. The pseudovirions are virus-like particles generated by in vitro production of HIV-1 viral proteins which are capable of assembly into particles. The presence of gag gene products in addition to envelope glycoprotein should assist in humoral and cellular immunologic responses to internal HIV-1 viral proteins. The pseudovirion vaccine has been tested in preclinical trials in mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman primates with good safety and immunogenicity profile.

The investigators included 782 HIV-infected patients from January 2016 to October 2020 Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, whose AIDS diagnosis criteria met the "AIDS Diagnosis and Treatment Guide (2018 edition)" of Chinese Medical Association.

There is great variability in susceptibility from one person to another, and less than one in a hundred sexual exposures to HIV results in infection. In addition, some recent trial of methods to prevent HIV - including vaccines and microbicides - have actually increased HIV acquisition among trial participants for reasons that we do not fully understand. While we know that immune differences in the genital lining are an important determinant of whether a person is infected after a sexual HIV exposure, we don't know enough about these differences to be able to accurately assess a person's individual HIV risk. Therefore, the development of safe and non-invasive laboratory tests to estimate a person's susceptibility in the genital tract would be useful in clinical studies of new HIV prevention tools.

The clinical challenges confronting patients with HIV has shifted over the past 10 years from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, neurocognitive disorders, and osteoporosis. Chronic low grade inflammation and monocyte activation have been consistently associated with comorbidities in HIV patients. Indeed, recent studies indicate that inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-1, sCD14 and s CD163 produced by monocytes, but not T-cell activation, predict Non-AIDS-related events in virologically suppressed HIV-infected persons treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), highlighting the important role of monocyte activation in the occurrence of comorbidities in cART-treated HIV infected patients. Yet, the underlying molecular pathways of persistent monocyte activation in cART treated HIV-infected patients remains incompletely characterized. Our preliminary results: 1/ establish a link between the activation of the inflammasome, the increased of pyrimidine-derived metabolites and the cardiovascular risk in a cohort of elderly patients; 2/ show that treated HIV-patients are characterized by increased soluble IL-1b or IL-18 in their blood suggesting that the inflammasome pathway is activated. Objectives: In this study we will characterize the molecular pathways underlying persistent monocyte activation in treated HIV patients, through the implication of the activation of the inflammasome machinery: 1. Characterization of NOD like Receptor (NLR) expression in monocytes for IL-1b and IL-18 secretion (inflammasome activation); 2. Characterization of circulating metabolites that active the inflammasome machinery; 3. Evaluation of the link between the activation of the inflammasome, the increased of circulating metabolites and the non-AIDS related comorbidities.

Two-armed, single visit, pharmacokinetic study to compare tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in cervical tissues of women on Depo-Provera contraception vs non-hormonal contraception.

It concerns a study to evaluate the usability of an HIV self-test prototype developed from TR DPP® HIV - 1/2 Oral Fluid. The study followed the recommendations of Technical Note No. 20/2016 / GEVIT / GGTPS / ANVISA.

This study aims to assess the feasibility and utility of birth testing using point-of-care (POC) testing in maternity settings in Eswatini.

The goal of the research was to evaluate the performance of items within the Kizazi Kipya (K2) Orphan and Vulnerable Children (OVC) HIV risk screening tool in identifying HIV-positive children, to optimize an HIV screening tool for OVC and children and adolescents in facility settings and to assess the feasibility and acceptability of home-based HIV risk screening and testing.

The availability of HIV care and treatment programs is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. However more than half the patients who need HIV treatment are still not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This can lead to early death from AIDS. Additionally, many patients start ART late after the HIV disease is very advanced. This results in high death rates soon after starting ART. The factors that contribute to late ART initiation are still unclear. This study will identify factors that help patients to enroll or prevent them from enrolling into HIV care and starting ART on time. We will examine the characteristics of all patients initiating ART at study sites. We will also look at potential risk factors among patients who initiate ART late (cases) compared to patients who initiate earlier (controls) at 6 HIV care and treatment clinics in Ethiopia. Data will be collected using 2 methods: Face-to-face interviews with participants using questionnaires Obtaining clinical data from the electronic patient-level database Identifying factors that help patients to start or prevent them from starting ART on time will help to direct interventions, programs and policies to reduce early death.