Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

To evaluate the types, incidence, course, and outcome of pulmonary disorders in newly diagnosed cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), newly diagnosed cases of AIDS-related complex (ARC) and newly diagnosed asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

The purpose of this study is to examine the HIV virus in the blood and lymphoid tissues of patients taking anti-HIV medications. HIV infection is closely linked to the growth of the HIV virus in the body. Much of this information was obtained from studying how the HIV virus grows in circulating blood. Recent studies have shown that the lymphoid tissue (part of the immune system) is a major site where HIV is found in the body and is also where much of the HIV virus growth occurs. This study will examine not only blood but also lymphoid tissue to gain a better understanding of the disease and how to treat it.

This study will continue to follow children who participated in an earlier National Cancer Institute trial of HIV treatment with a protease inhibitor. Children in this study will receive a combination of at least three drugs that include at least one protease inhibitor and one reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The study will examine to what extent these drugs can restore immune function in HIV-infected children and over what length of time. It will look at changes in the amounts of virus and the specific types of immune cells in the body over the 96-week trial period. It will also examine patients' immune system response to influenza and tetanus vaccinations. The children will either continue to receive the anti-HIV drugs they have been taking, or their medicines will be changed to a different combination of protease inhibitor and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Before and during the study, patients will undergo various tests, including a physical examination, blood tests and chest X ray, immune response tests, CT scan, eye examination, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. A procedure called apheresis may be done to collect white blood cells. In this procedure, whole blood is drawn similar to donating blood, the white cells are separated out by a machine, and the red cells are returned to the body.

Patients enrolled in this study will not receive investigational therapy. Any treatments rendered will be standard and based on appropriate medical care. Should a patient become eligible for an experimental therapy protocol, the normal process of enrollment and informed consent will be followed.

This is a multicenter prospective cohort evaluation of the implementation of a cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening program at selected outpatient HIV clinics (OPCs) and network laboratories in Vietnam.

This will be a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. The control group can share their Center for Disease Control and Prevention certified online HIV results (COHIV) with another party freely through a social networking tool, while the intervention group will be asked for the COHIV before he can see the COHIV of his friend. The investigators hypothesize that the requires exchange will promote HIV testing and thus reduce HIV incidence among MSM.

Research question Is there any association between altered lung bacterial communities and HIV-associated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? Rationale Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced dramatic increases in COPD related-morbidity and mortality. Longitudinal studies have shown that people living with HIV develop worsening airflow obstruction with a prevalence higher than that of the general population (i.e 3.4 to 21% compared to 0.4 to 12.2%). It is still unknown why HIV-infected individuals develop COPD at a prevalence higher than their HIV-negative counterparts. It's been hypothesized that a change in the lung bacterial communities in the setting of HIV drives inflammation leading to lung damage. There is a need to explore the dynamics of lung bacterial communities and elucidate mechanisms responsible for irreversible lung damage that may follow lung disturbances in bacterial richness and diversity. In addition, understanding the bacterial communities of the lung in normal subjects is an essential step in providing negative controls to interpret lung microbe in disease states for-example COPD. Insights from this research will inform efforts to design optimal screening and treatment strategies for COPD in the HIV-infected population in sub Saharan Africa. Methods A cross sectional study will be conducted in which lung bacterial communities in 63 HIV infected participants ≥ 35 years with and without COPD will be compared with 63 HIV negative participants with and without COPD. Participants will be recruited from COPD/HIV and LINK Nakaseke cohorts, which were population based studies conducted in the same study setting. Sputum samples will be collected using sputum DNA collection, preservation and isolation Kits. Extracted bacterial DNA will be sequenced and used to determine all bacterial species in the processed samples using available online metagenomics databases. Analysis plan A histogram will be used to display the frequencies of the identified bacterial species in the processed samples. Bacterial richness and diversity of samples in the 4 groups will be compared to determine any differences.

To address the critical scientific gaps in PrEP safety for transgender youth and to plan for appropriate implementation of PrEP in transgender youth communities, the study will be conducted in 3 integrated phases. In Phase 1, a pharmacokinetic (PK) study exploring the interactions of cs-HT for both TW and TM youth on TDF/FTC will be conducted. Simultaneously, in Phase 2, ethnographic data via focus groups (FGs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to inform the development of a tailored intervention to improve uptake and adherence to PrEP for transgender youth will be collected. In Phase 3, a small demonstration trial of PrEP use in transgender youth, utilizing the ethnographically developed intervention to improve uptake and adherence, while also monitoring renal and bone safety outcomes will be implemented. The project has the following important specific aims: Aim 1: To evaluate the differential PK of TDF/FTC in a cohort of transgender youth on cs-HT by conducting a PK trial of daily TDF/FTC among 24 TW taking estradiol and 24 TM taking testosterone (ages 15-24 years) using video-based directly observed therapy (DOT) to insure daily adherence and maximize drug exposure. Aim 2: To develop a culturally, developmentally, and gender-affirmative intervention to increase uptake of and adherence to PrEP among TW and TM youth that is grounded in theory (Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model of Behavior Change, Gender Affirmation, Empowerment Theory) and incorporates the PK data from Aim 1. Investigators will conduct FGs with young TW (N=20-30) and TM (N=20-30) and conduct IDIs with participants from the PK study (Total N=10-14). Investigators will solicit continuous input and feedback from TW and TM on the project's Youth Advisory Board. Aim 3: To conduct a small randomized controlled trial within a PrEP demonstration project comparing the newly developed intervention with standard of care (SOC) in TW (N=50) and TM (N=50) ages 15-24 years.

On 11 February 2020, the International Committee for the Classification of Viruses named the disease caused by SAＲS-CoV-2 infection in humans as the new coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). People infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are affected by their underlying diseases and are listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a high-risk population of SARS-CoV-2 infection.To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in those patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection , and to guide the COVID-19 vaccination more scientifically, reasonably and effectively, this study was carried out.

HIV induced altered representation and function of regulatory T cell subsets (NKT and Treg cells) impair the protective T cell response against M.tuberculosis and disrupts LTBI, thus facilitates faster progression and development of severe forms of clinical TB in HIV-TB co-infection.