Active clinical trials for "HIV Infections"

The goal of this pilot study is to gather and analyze qualitative data from focus groups with Transgender men who have sex with men (TMSM) to learn more about the life experiences unique to TMSM that influence their attitudes and beliefs about HIV risk, as well as to better understand the intersections of these specific sexual and gender identities.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1,148,200 Americans aged 13 years and older are living with HIV infection, including 207,600 (18.1%) who are unaware of their infection. According to pathological data, central nervous system (CNS) involvement is commonly found during the early phase of infection. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of HIV-infected humans have demonstrated significant changes of metabolites observed in the brain N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, glutamate, glutamine and myo-inositol with varying changes in different brain regions. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a novel functional MRI technique which can be used to derive quantitative in vivo measurements of region-specific and diffuse brain alterations. DTI studies have demonstrated changes of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the various parts of brain. Diffusion abnormalities involving various regions of brain have also been observed in patients infected with HIV. One dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) technique has been used for many years to study the metabolites changes in HIV. MRI scan time necessary for the acquisition of high-resolution MRSI data with adequate spatial coverage may be prohibitively long for clinical exams. Thus, new imaging and bio-chemical characterization techniques are needed to allow repeated, non-invasive assessment of these processes in vivo. Since neuroinflammation is associated with increased brain water, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is sensitive to changes in white matter (WM) and inflammatory changes associated with HIV infections. Even though only single-voxel-based diffusion-weighted MRS has been previously investigated, altered diffusivity of non-water metabolites and its relationship with metabolic disturbance as well as structural and functional abnormalities in HIV has not been investigated. The brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes of metabolites measured by the novel 3D MRSI technique will be correlated with the ADCs and fractional anisotrophy of water recorded by DTI and cell count to better understand the role of CNS involvement in HIV pathology.

Due to the scarcity of data on prognostic and predictive influence on CCA, epidemiological studies evaluating these factors need to be developed in patients with CCA. Therefore, the investigators want to evaluate the profile of patients in the real world and from various parts of the world, describing prognostic factors such as CD4 dosage, time of HIV infection, evaluation of viral load, diagnosis of AIDS, geographic region of diagnosis and treatment, clinical staging, medications concomitant with QRT (risk of drug interactions), comorbidities (possible impact on dose-intensity), use of HAART, time of use of HAART, radiotherapy modality (conventional 3D vs Modulated Beam Intensity [IMRT], response to Nigro vs CTII regimens, as well as comparing clinical outcomes with patients without HIV infection.

The main objective of this prospective observational cohort study is to investigate the epidemiology, the risk factors and ultimately the incidence of novel HIV infections among individuals at high risk for acquiring HIV via sex practices.

This study will investigate preferences for HIV care among participants enrolled in the "Study to evaluate the feasibility of Community-based Test and Treat strategies among men who have sex with men and transgender women to increase the uptake of HIV testing and treatment services in Thailand" through a model involving linked strategies: The study takes place in four provinces at six sites affiliated with the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC): Bangkok (RSAT and SWING), Chiang Mai (CAREMAT), Chonburi (SWING and Sisters) and Songkhla (RSAT). These are all community-based drop-in centers, targeting MSM and TGW. Participants who are enrolled in the study at any of the TRCARC affiliated sites and who were tested HIV-positive will be invited to participate in the current questionnaire study.

HIV eradication faces a major obstacle that is viral persistence in latent reservoir cells despite antiretroviral therapy. Epigenetic repression plays a central role in viral transgene latency and several epigenetic regulators have been involved in this process. Among them, the "Human Silencing Hub" or HUSH complex, composed of Tasor, MPP8 and periphilin, has been shown to recruit the H3K9me3 methyltransferase "SET domain bifurcated 1" (SETDB1) and is therefore responsible for genes' epigenetic repression. Our recent results highlight the ability of Vpx from HIV-2/SIVsmm to counteract HUSH and to reactivate latent viruses in a latency model. We propose here to study HUSH activity along pathogenesis.

The purpose of this study is to develop a pharmacovigilance (PV) surveillance program to monitor adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes, including the presence of congenital abnormalities, among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and their infants at clinical sites affiliated with the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate consortium (IeDEA).

This observational study aims to investigate medication adherence and drug-level monitoring of antiretroviral agents in a cohort of people living with HIV in Indonesia. The study is conducted in outpatients receiving tenofovir-based regimens in a university medical centre.

This study aims to evaluate the role of extracellular vesicles in HIV-infection, by determining the expression profile and content of EVs before and after treatment initiation in HIV-infected patients, through extensive blood and tissue sampling (leukapheresis, stool sampling and colon biopsies). A one-time sampling (blood, stool, colon biopsies) will also be performed in HIV-seronegative healthy volunteers to confirm that results found in HIV-infected patients are related to the disease.

In Uganda, 130,000 children (0-14 years of age) were living with HIV in 2018. Last year, nearly 450 infants acquired HIV every day; most of them during childbirth and these are at extremely high risk of dying in the first two years of life from treatable infections which present with fever. While fevers are commonly attributed to malaria, most fevers in African children are not due to malaria and clinicians are challenged by the similar clinical features of wide spectrum of potential aetiologies. The prevalence of treatable causes of non-malarial febrile illnesses in children in Africa has been reported to be 45%.