Active clinical trials for "Cross Infection"

It is advocated that prolonged infusion of beta-lactamic antibiotics provides better bactericidal effect. The aim of the present study is to randomize patients a to extended cefepime infusion regimen (lasting four hours) or to a usual infusion regimen (not lasting more than thirty minutes) and evaluate the clinical efficacy of this theoretical pharmacokinetic advantage.

Nosocomial infection with antibiotic-resistant strains is a major threat to critical care medicine. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) is one of the strategies to reduce ventilator associated pneumonia and sepsis in critically ill patients. Lactoferrin (LF) is a natural multifunctional protein with antimicrobial, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of a number of pathogenic bacteria including antibiotic-resistant strains, fungi and even viruses in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In a recent study, the investigators performed pathogen challenges of the digestive tract of a transgenic milk-fed animal model. The results showed that recombinant LF has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in the digestive tract and protects the mucosa of the small intestine from injury, implying that LF can be used as an effective selective decontaminant of the digestive tract. This study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled clinical trial examining whether oral supplementation with bLF can reduce nosocomial infection, sepsis and even mortality in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients with MV for more than 21 days and no signs of infection on admission to our Respiratory Care Center (RCC) will be enrolled. They will be randomized to receive either bovine LF (bLF, 10 mg/kg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks by center. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of bLF in the prevention of nosocomial infection. Secondary objectives are assessment of incidence of nosocomial infection, mortality, weaning rate from MV and change of the immune system. The investigators hypothesize that bLF may 1) prevent nosocomial infection; 2) reduce mortality; 3)increase weaning rate from MV; 4)increase immunity in patients with prolonged MV.

This prospective, randomized, controlled trial will compare the incidence of nosocomial infections (composite of primary bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infections) that occur in intensive care unit (ICU) patients bathed with 2% chlorhexidine solution versus patients who receive standard bathing (soap and water or non-medicated cloths).

Compare the clinical efficiency evaluated by the treatment of the intravenous colistin plus inhaled colistin opposite to the treatment with colistin intravenous plus inhaled saline solution in patients with VAP due to baumannii carbapenems resistant.

Colistin is an antibiotic active against several classes of multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria; the drug should be used in high doses in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy, since the drug is eliminated through the dialysis filter. This is an Open-label, Phase 4, interventional, prospective, single-center pilot study aimed to analyze the concentrations of colistin in plasma and ultrafiltrate by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, in 20 critically ill patients admitted to intensive care and suffering from severe infections by multi-resistant bacteria, who receive continuous renal replacement therapy.

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) are prevalent in hospitals and are associated with hospital-acquired infections (HAI). High-touch surfaces serve as reservoirs and fomites for MDRO transmission. The investigators quantified the impact of hanging single-use cleaning/disinfecting wipes in patients' immediate environment within multi-patient rooms. Pre-specified outcomes were: 1) HAI rate, 2) cleaning frequency, 3) MDRO room contamination, 4) new MDRO acquisitions, and 5) in-hospital mortality.

This study involves sampling bone marrow transplant patients, hospital workers and the patient room for microbes using swabs and other techniques. We send these samples to the laboratory, where they will use state-of-the art technology to identify and relate the microbes to each other. This study also involves putting copper, nickel, or titanium into some hospital rooms, and seeing whether these metals influences the growth of microbes. Some equipment in the hospital room, such as faucets and soap dispensers will be replaced by sensor-based (e.g. touchless) controls.

Healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) cause substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Commonly touched items in the patient care environment harbor microorganisms that may contribute to HAI risk. The purpose of this study is to assess whether placement of copper-alloy surfaced objects in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) reduce risk of HAI in comparison with non-copper surfaced objects.

Prevention trial of nosocomial infections in neutropenic prematures with G-CSF

Indwelling urinary catheters are a primary site for nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-adhesive properties of Cranberry type A pro anthocyanidine gel capsules in the prevention Escherichia coli infections on indwelling urinary catheters placed in patients following pelvic surgery. The investigators primary working hypothesis is that cranberry treatment decreases E. coli colonization on indwelling urinary catheters, thus preventing nosocomial urinary infections following pelvic surgery.