Active clinical trials for "Influenza, Human"

This study explores the hypothesis that the use of an adjuvanted influenza vaccine in the elderly will produce greater vaccine effectiveness in their group.

Influenza is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) worldwide. Seasonal influenza causes an estimated 250,000-500,000 deaths and 3-5 million severe illnesses each year (WHO, 2009), and pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza has caused morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Kenya, influenza accounts for up to 50% of all ARI during the peak influenza season, based on Kenyan Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation and KEMRI/CDC surveillance data. Influenza vaccine has been shown to reduce influenza-associated ARIs in developed countries. However, little is know about the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the developing world. In Kenya, a commercial trivalent injectable vaccine is licensed, but less than 30,000 doses are sold annually. The International Emerging Infections Program (IEIP) under KEMRI/CDC currently conducts population-based disease surveillance (PBDS) for severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and influenza-like illness (ILI) in two sites in Kenya, Lwak (Nyanza province) and Kibera (Nairobi). The investigators propose to conduct a three-year influenza vaccine effectiveness study using the commercially available southern hemisphere seasonal vaccine for 2010, which includes the pandemic 2009 H1N1 component, and for 2011 and 2012. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza, non-specific ARIs at the clinic and household level, and secondary influenza infection and secondary ARIs. Our study hypothesis is: Immunizing children with influenza vaccine will decrease influenza-associated acute respiratory infections among children and may reduce the number of non-specific acute respiratory infections in vaccinated children and their household contacts.

In the spring of 2009, a recently emerged novel influenza A (H1N1) virus was first identified in Mexico and USA and it has continued to spread globally. The rapid global spread of a novel influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus prompted the World Health Organization (WHO), on 11 June 2009, to declare the first influenza pandemic in 41 years. In Taiwan, a clinical study to assess the immunogenicity and safety of Influenza Virus Vaccine, AdimFlu-S (A/H1N1), in healthy volunteers has already been completed. In the previous study, we found that a single 15 mcg HA dose of the AdimFlu-S (A/H1N1) vaccine induces a protective immune response in most adults, including those > 60 years of age (>70%). Our current study aims to follow-up subjects who received Influenza Virus Vaccine, AdimFlu-S (A/H1N1), six months ago. These subjects' serum samples were tested for anti-hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). The seroconversion is defined as the post-vaccination serum HAI titer had at least 1:40 for subjects who had seronegative pre-vaccination or a four-fold or greater increase in HAI titers for subjects who had seropositive pre-vaccination serum. The immunogenicity of Influenza Virus Vaccine, AdimFlu-S (A/H1N1), in adults after half a year will be analyzed and discussed among the subjects with serum HAI titer had at least 1:40 at least 3 weeks after AdimFlu-S (A/H1N1) injection.

The study will be conducted in the UCKWUM teaching hospital in Warsaw between 2020 and 2022. The study group will be comprised of UCKWUM healthcare professionals All employees willing to participate in the study will receive an anonymous questionnaire on attitudes towards influenza vaccination . We will distribute information posters of the National Programme for Combating Influenza as part of the educational programme. In order to increase the effectiveness of the educational campaign, we will also send information e-mails, using the internal hospital e-mail system and conduct a series of online training courses to present the latest international reports on influenza vaccinations among health care professionals [CITATION Abr10 \l 1045]. Considering the fact that lack of time [CITATION Kus11 \l 1045] is the most common reason for not getting vaccinated against influenza among healthcare professionals, we will provide this group with an opportunity to receive free influenza vaccination during working hours at the UCKWUM hospital. Information about the possibility of vaccination will be provided in the form of e-mails (mailings) to hospital employees (internal hospital e-mail system), letters of information submitted to the offices of individual departments, and information posters. The effectiveness of the educational programme will be assessed by re-administering the anonymous questionnaires after the influenza season, also by means of internal hospital e-mail system.

The investigators propose a unique methodology of studying infection and vaccination history and immune responses. As most studies in infection history are conducted on mice, limitations are inherent on their applicability to humans. A longitudinal comparison study following older adults (over the age of 65) hospitalized for influenza are followed through to their hospital discharge and vaccination in the following season. This will allow for the investigation of the course of infection, as well as impact on the response to vaccination.

Recently, the emergence and rapid global dissemination of novel swine-origin influenza A virus (H1N1) with unique epidemiologic characteristics has heightened awareness and concern of this viral pathogen, and its potential for major disruption of both civil and military stability. Although advances in medical and scientific technologies have improved our basic understanding of respiratory disease, many questions about the epidemiology and immunology of ARI remain unanswered. This study plans to initiate a multi-site, multi-disciplinary research collaboration, termed the Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium (ARIC) for the purpose of studying the etiology, epidemiology and immunology of influenza-like illness (ILI) in order to describe the natural history and risk factors for disease, as well as the characteristics of the host immune response. At the core of the ARIC is the proposed observational, longitudinal study of the Natural History Study of ILI among active duty military members, healthy retirees, and their dependents recruited from both inpatient and outpatient settings of military treatment facilities (MTF) in the continental US to be followed for a total of four (4) visits over a 28-day period. Additionally, the investigators also propose to conduct a household-based study of influenza (Family Transmission Study) in which individuals who have a laboratory-confirmed influenza illness will be recruited and enrolled along with their family members for the purpose of studying transmission of influenza within households. Taken together, these studies will establish a longitudinal cohort of ILI among active duty members and their families, as well as a repository of biological specimens relevant to the epidemiology and immunology of infection. Ultimately, these studies will serve as a solid foundation on which future investigations of ARI epidemiology, treatment and prevention can be based.

A multicenter, observational study to evaluate the safety of Euforvac-Hib vaccine for active primary immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenza type B in infants.

Pharmacokinetics for peramivir have not been well characterized in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy CRRT - either Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) +/- dialysis (CVVHD). CRRT is commonly utilized in the hospital setting for patients with acute kidney injury for metabolic correction, slow continuous fluid removal, and to maintain hemodynamic stability. CRRT commonly alters drug disposition and clearance, and dosing regimens often need alteration in patients receiving CRRT. Doses required to generate predictable serum concentrations can be calculated from known patient parameters such as replacement fluid and dialysate flow rate, sieving coefficients, and desired serum concentrations. However, pharmacokinetic studies must be performed in CRRT patients to generate drug removal constants or sieving coefficients. Of note, the clearance of drugs by conventional hemodialysis cannot be used to extrapolate clearances with CRRT secondary to differences in ultrafiltration rates and dialysis membranes. The investigators propose an open label study to obtain peramivir pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing CRRT.

Seasonal influenza virus causes an estimated 0.3-0.6 million deaths per year. Avian influenza virus H5N1, H7N9 and H5N6 has fatality rate of over 30%. Swine influenza viruses from pigs have also infected humans. Molecular assays are now used routinely in the detection of influenza viruses. The M gene is often used as the target for all influenza A viruses because the nucleotide sequence of this gene is relatively conserved among all the influenza A viruses. The World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have published protocols for molecular detection of influenza A virus M gene. However, recent studies have shown that mutations in the M gene have led to a reduced sensitivity of RT-PCR assay targeting this gene. Therefore, it is important to use alternative conserved genes as the target of RT-PCR. In this study, our aim is to evaluate two new RT-PCR assays that are based on PB2 and NS gene segment.

The purpose of this program is to provide pre-approval access to pimodivir for the treatment of a patient(s) with H7N9 influenza A infection. Pre-approval access pertains to provision for therapeutic use of an investigational product prior to its marketing authorization. Such access may be considered for eligible patients with serious/life-threatening diseases or conditions, where alternative treatments do not exist or have been exhausted.