Active clinical trials for "Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes"

To determine the effectiveness of efforts to eliminate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from whole blood and blood components in the blood supply.

To examine mechanisms of individual differences in the progression of HIV infection in hemophiliacs.

To assess, in donor-recipient clusters, current models of HIV-1 genetic evolution and pathogenesis, based on the sequence diversity displayed by this lentivirus.

This study will determine whether people with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) with and without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have gut abnormalities (inflammation or loss of function) and changes in immune system cells and chemicals in the blood and gut. People with CVID have decreased levels of serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgA. Patients have sinus, lung and other infections, and many also have stomach and intestinal problems, such as chronic diarrhea, inability to absorb nutrition from food, and intestinal infections caused by bacteria. CVID patients with gastrointestinal symptoms 10 years of age and older may be eligible for this study; CVID patients without gastrointestinal symptoms 18 years of age and older will be enrolled as control subjects. Candidates will be screened with a review of their medical records, a medical history and physical examination, HIV blood test, stool sample, and hydrogen breath test. The breath test measures the amount of hydrogen in the breath after drinking sugar water, showing the digestive effects of bacteria in the upper intestine. Participants will be admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for several days to undergo the following procedures: Medical history and physical examination Blood tests Urine and stool samples 48-hour stool fat collection measures the amount of undigested fat in the stool to determine the ability of the gut to digest and absorb fat in the diet D-Xylose absorption test measures the ability of a sugar compound to travel across the lining of the intestine to determine the ability of the gut to absorb nutrients Upper endoscopy a thin flexible lighted tube is advanced through the mouth to evaluate the esophagus, stomach and beginning of the small intestine Lower endoscopy a thin lighted tube is advanced through the rectum to evaluate the colon Identification of GI abnormalities associated with changes in immune response in CVID patients will help in developing and testing new treatments for this disease.

This study will investigate whether medication for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis-a viral infection of the eye-can safely be stopped in HIV-infected patients whose immune function has improved from anti-HIV therapy. Medicines taken to fight CMV infection (ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir) can cause serious side effects, such as low blood counts and kidney damage. Stopping these medications may, therefore, be beneficial. Patients with HIV infection who develop CVM retinitis usually have very low levels of infection-fighting white blood cells called CD4 cells-less than 50 cells per microliter of blood. New anti-HIV medications have been able to raise CD4 levels and improve immune function in many patients. This study will see if patients with CD4 levels above 150 cells per microliter can fight CVM retinitis without additional anti-CVM drugs. HIV-infected patients with CVM retinitis will have a physical examination and complete eye examination. These tests will be repeated after 2 weeks. If there is no evidence that the CMV infection has progressed, and if it is in a location that is not immediately sight-threatening, anti-CMV medications will be stopped. Patients will be examined every 2 weeks for 3 months and then every 3 weeks for the next 3 months. Patients whose CD4 count has remained above 100 after 6 months will continue to be followed every 4 weeks until the CVM infection becomes active again. At that time, anti-CVM medicines will be re-started. Patients will also have blood and urine samples taken to test for levels of HIV and CMV in the blood and urine, and will be interviewed about their vision and how it affects daily activities.

This study will monitor the long-term effects of gene therapy in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) due to a deficiency in an enzyme called adenosine deaminase (ADA). It will also follow the course of disease in children who are not receiving gene therapy, but may have received enzyme replacement therapy with the drug PEG-ADA. ADA is essential for the growth and proper functioning of infection-fighting white blood cells called T and B lymphocytes. Patients who lack this enzyme are, therefore, immune deficient and vulnerable to frequent infections. Injections of PEG-ADA may increase the number of immune cells and reduce infections, but this enzyme replacement therapy is not a definitive cure. In addition, patients may become resistant or allergic to the drug. Gene therapy, in which a normal ADA gene is inserted into the patient's cells, attempts to correcting the underlying cause of disease. Patients with SCID due to ADA deficiency may be eligible for this study. Patients may or may not have received enzyme replacement therapy or gene transfer therapy, or both. Participants will have follow-up visits at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, at least once a year for a physical examination, blood tests, and possibly the following additional procedures to evaluate immune function: Bone marrow sampling - A small amount of marrow from the hip bone is drawn (aspirated) through a needle. The procedure can be done under local anesthesia or light sedation. Injection of small amounts of fluids into the arm to study if the patient's lymphocytes respond normally. Administration of vaccination shots. Collection of white blood cells through apheresis - Whole blood is collected through a needle placed in an arm vein. The blood circulates through a machine that separates it into its components. The white cells are then removed, and the red cells, platelets and plasma are returned to the body, either through the same needle used to draw the blood or through a second needle placed in the other arm. Blood drawings to obtain and study the patient's lymphocytes.

The investigators seek to understand how the different underlying causes of OSA affect the way people living with HIV (PLWH) experience OSA. The investigators also want to understand how symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea improve with treatment, and if this too, is affected by the underlying cause of OSA in that individual

Patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment may experience adverse events (AEs). Patients who experience AEs on any 10% IVIG solution will be changed to octagam 5% for six infusions to evaluate the potential benefit for reduction of AEs on a lower concentration IVIG product.

Patients with Myeloma or CLL with severe secondary hypogammaglobinemia and recurrent infections will be included in this study; for whom an IgSC treatment was prescribed. The IgSC prescription will be the decision of the treating physician. Patient care and follow up will be performed according to the current clinical practice and the recommendations of HAS.

The PACIFY Study is a questionnaire for antenatal(third trimester) and postnatal(three months post delivery) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive women attending clinics in London and Brighton. The current World Health Organisation guidance advises HIV positive women, who are adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of the infant's life and continue supplemental breastfeeding for up to 2 years. This is conflicts with the current British HIV Association guidelines which advise exclusive formula feeding. The reason for this difference is the relative safety of formula feeding in the United Kingdom(UK)against the low but persisting risk of HIV infection through breast-feeding. The aim of the PACIFY study is to explore attitudes towards breastfeeding amongst HIV positive women, who are either pregnant or post-partum. The study will also assess the understanding of current infant feeding guidance by these women and assess their current or recent infant feeding practice. It will also look at whether HIV positive mothers would be willing and able to comply with special monitoring and guidance whilst breastfeeding if the guidelines were to change. The study aims to analyse 100 questionnaires completed over a 3-6 month period.