Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Severe infections in pediatric intensive care unit are not uncommon. Historically, the diagnosis of hereditary (primary) immune deficiency required a combination of recurrent clinical signs and biological stigmas. This paradigm is currently being questioned, and grows the hypothesis of a potential underlying genetic susceptibility in any severe infection. To date, the proportion of severe infections explained by an underlying immune deficiency is unknown. The aim of this prospective study is to assess the incidence of primary immune deficiencies in children with severe infection, regardless of their etiology.

Caspofungin is an anti-fungal drug mainly metabolized by the liver. The pathophysiological status of children with severe infection will affect the metabolism of caspofungin in the body especially in the case of liver dysfunction. There is little metabolism of caspofungin through the kidney and continuous renal replacement therapy and renal function have little influence on the pharmacokinetics of caspofungin. The study aim to investigate PK/PD of caspofungin in children with specific pathophysiological conditions, such as liver insufficiency, hypoproteinemia, ECMO treatment, or sepsis.

A prospective non-interventional cohort study at Erasmus MC of adult chronic HIV infected patients of ≥18 years of age who initiate antiretroviral therapy in routine care.

This prospective study will investigate the concentrations of tacrolimus metabolites (M-I and M-III) over the four first years post-transplantation. A differential metabolism might result in different metabolites' concentration and explain a kidney survival difference between "high rate metabolism" (defined as a concentration/dose ratio, C/D ratio, lower than 1.04 µg/l/mg) and other patients. The primary endpoint is therefore to compare tacrolimus metabolites' concentrations with respect to the group, either < or >= 1.04 µg/l/mg, in order to detect differences in tacrolimus metabolization between these groups.

Surgical site infections (SSI) are serious complications accounting for 20% of all the healthcare-associated infections and are considered the second most frequent type of hospital-acquired infection in Europe and the United States. SSI after cardiac surgery is associated with delays to patient's discharge, readmissions and re-operations; and can result in increased hospital costs for staffing, diagnostics and treatment. Risk assessment has been identified as potentially useful intervention in SSI prevention and in identifying at risk populations who may benefit from specific interventions to reduce this possible complication of cardiac surgery. However, there is currently a lack of evidence as to which risk tools are the most valid and reliable to be used in clinical practice. The investigators developed and locally validated the Barts Heart Centre Surgical Infection Risk (B-SIR) tool to include patients with various types of cardiac surgeries and found that the B-SIR tool is a better tool in predicting SSI risk compared with the existing cardiac risk tools in the study population. However, various literatures recognised that the predictive performance of a risk model tends to vary across settings, populations and periods. Hence, the investigators aim to do a multi-centre validation of the newly developed B-SIR tool and apply all the other tools (Australian Cardiac Risk Index and Brompton and Harefield Infection Score) to identify what tool performs best that can potentially be use for the UK population. Further, the outcome of the study will be beneficial to future cardiac surgery patients to assess their risk of developing SSI and help identify those patients who may benefit from specific interventions. Existing patients' data, which will be anonymised, from the participating cardiac centres will be utilised to analyse and compare the performance of each risk tools.

The primary objective is to determine if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (UTIP™) is more sensitive in identifying urinary tract infections (UTI's) than standard urine cultures.

This is a prospective observational pilot study investigating if peripheral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (pFTOE) measured by five short near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (re-)applications within the first 6 hours after birth in neonates with respiratory distress differs in neonates with early onset infection and neonate without infection

This study will analyze gene expression and other laboratory data from biological samples collected from participants with suspected respiratory, urinary, intra-abdominal, and/or skin & soft tissue infections; or suspected sepsis of any cause.

This research is a clinical trial aimed at improving the gut microbiome of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) through a temple stay experience. Participants in the study are expected to participate in a temple stay experience for a maximum of 8 days. During the temple stay experience, participants are required to fill out a daily symptom questionnaire related to irritable bowel syndrome and record their diet and bowel movements using a dedicated mobile application. Upon completion of the temple stay, participants will conduct an evaluation of personal satisfaction with the experience. Through this, the study aims to collect and analyze data related to the Templestay experience with the goal of improving the gut microbiome of patients with IBS.

This is a two-way (retrospective+prospective) cohort study of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) infected with COVID-19. Enrolled PBC and AIH patients in clinical diagnosis and treatment at Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023. After enrollment, collect the demography data of patients, the treatment information of PBC and AIH patients, the use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and immunosuppressants, COVID-19 vaccination, COVID-19 infection and incidence, clinical symptoms, clinical biochemistry, liver imaging, lung imaging, COVID-19 nucleic acid, COVID-19 antibody, and the incidence and treatment information of COVID-19 from January 2022 to pre enrollment. After enrollment, the corresponding treatment and clinical observation of PBC and AIH were continued, and the occurrence and incidence of COVID-19 infection were observed. For patients with COVID-19 infection during the prospective observation period, COVID-19 infection, onset and treatment were observed, including clinical symptoms, signs, heart, lung imaging, COVID-19, clinical biochemistry, disease degree, virus negative, hospital stay and prognosis. To compare the difference of COVID-19 infection rate, disease severity, clinical biochemical indicators, hospital stay and prognosis between UDCA treated and non UDCA treated patients, and to study the impact of UDCA on the occurrence, incidence and prognosis of COVID-19 infection.