Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The main objectives of the study are to compare the efficacy of oral vs initial iv antibiotic treatment in children with a first episode of UTI to assess the diagnostic power of the various imaging technique (renal ultrasonogram, voiding cystourethrogram, and renal scanning with technetium-99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid)

To determine safety and efficacy of ACH-126,443 on the treatment of adults with HIV infection who have modestly detectable viral load while on stable triple combination antiretroviral therapy including 3TC.

The purpose of this study is to see if it is safe and effective to give a new anti-HIV drug combination to HIV-infected patients who have never taken nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and who have failed to respond to protease inhibitors (PIs). The drug combination will contain didanosine (ddI) plus stavudine (d4T) plus nevirapine (NVP) plus MKC-442. Hydroxyurea (HU) may be added.

The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of rilpivirine (RPV)-based regimen in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected, antiretroviral (ARV) treatment-naive participants, as determined by the percentage of virologic responders defined as having HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) less than 400 copies/ milliliter (mL) at Week 24.

Phase 3 study to determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aztreonam- avibactam (ATM- AVI) versus best available therapy (BAT) in the treatment of hospitalized adults with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI), nosocomial pneumonia (NP) including hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), or bloodstream infections (BSI) due to metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)- producing Gram-negative bacteria.

This study is designed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single and multiple ascending doses in healthy volunteers (HV) and participants diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most urgent health threats in the U.S. associated with antibiotic use. After an initial episode, disease recurrence is high and relapses can occur in 20-30% of people treated with oral vancomycin. An antibiotic course can affect the gut microbiome for years, and patients with CDI have additional dysbiosis of their gut flora. Oral vancomycin perturbs the gut microbiome further. Restoration of the microbiome with Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) has been proven a highly efficacious and cost-effective treatment for recurrent CDI. FMT has had very limited study for a primary episode of CDI to date because an endoscopic procedure was the recommended route of delivery. However, FMT is now available via frozen oral capsules and has been shown to be non-inferior to FMT via colonoscopy in randomized controlled trials. The investigators hypothesize that outcomes after a first episode of CDI can be improved if the microbiome is restored with oral FMT. It is further hypothesized that this will compensate for any additional microbiome perturbation caused by administration of oral vancomycin and decrease the likelihood of recurrence. Because the hypothesis is based on restoration of the microbiome, the investigators propose this proof-of-concept pilot study to examine whether FMT administered after oral vancomycin therapy for primary CDI restores microbiome diversity compared to patients who do not receive FMT. Because of the potential health benefits, this approach deserves further study. The results from this pilot study on the microbiome diversity as well as the surveys to be conducted about GI symptomatology (e.g., diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating), CDI recurrence and healthcare utilization, would provide preliminary data to support a randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial.

Substantial center variability exists in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates following durable ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation for patients with advanced heart failure. Preliminary evidence suggests that this variability may be related to process (e.g., pre-operative intranasal mupirocin), provider (e.g., surgeon technique, physician teamwork), device, (e.g., centrifugal vs. axial flow), and center specific (e.g., infection prevention strategies and resources) factors. The investigators will undertake a mixed methods study to: (1) identify determinants of center-level variability in HAI rates, (2) develop a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators for achieving low center HAI rates, and (3) develop, iteratively enhance, and disseminate a best practices toolkit for preventing HAIs that accommodates various center contexts.

The INSPIRE-ASP UTI trial is a cluster-randomized controlled trial of HCA hospitals comparing routine empiric antibiotic stewardship practices with real-time precision medicine computerized physician order entry smart prompts providing the probability that a non-critically ill adult admitted with UTI is infected with a resistant pathogen. Note: that enrolled "subjects" represents 59 individual HCA hospitals that have been randomized.

Grazoprevir/elbasvir combination therapy is highly effective in the treatment of genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C, and the drug-drug interaction with central immunosuppressant, such as tacrolimus, should be manageable. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of grazoprevir/elbasvir combination therapy in treating genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C after liver or kidney transplantation.