Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This study will investigate the effects of cranberry and quillaja capsules on symptoms of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

BK virus infection is one of the causes of renal allograft loss in the current era. Reduction of immunsuppression is the only intervention that prooved to be effective in treating of BK virus in kidney transplant recipient. However, there are evidences from retrospective and prospective studies showed that leflunomide and mTOR inhibitor such as everolimus or sirolimus have positive outcomes in treatment of BK virus in kidney tranplant recipient. The investigators conduct the RCT to compare the efficacy of leflunomide and mTOR inhibitor everolimus, in treatment of BK virus infected patients who do not respond to immunosuppression reduction.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among children with HIV, yet insufficient data are available on the pharmacokinetics of newer HIV/TB cotreatment strategies in children. Current WHO-recommended rifampicin dosages result in low concentrations in most children, and high-dose rifampicin may improve outcomes and shorten treatment duration. Yet the impact of high-dose rifampicin on dolutegravir exposures has not been examined in children. This study aims to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir twice daily among HIV/TB coinfected children receiving standard-dose and high-dose rifampicin.

Some components of the diet could promote the growth of certain bacterial strains present in the intestine, which are closely associated with benefits for host health. An intestinal commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii (Pg) was highlighted to be significantly negatively associated with severity of COPD. Furthermore, the investigators identify the potential prebiotics (PHGG) which may enrich the abundance of P. goldsteinii and increase the probiotic effect of P. goldsteinii. The investigators designed a randomized control study, which enroll adults diagnosed with COPD. Then the two groups will receive PHGG or not. Stool samples will be collected. The ameliorative efficacy will be evaluated by questionnaire and lung function test. Intestinal microbiota and metabolome will be analyzed and the correlation with lung function indices will be further investigated.

Randomized clinical trial in which women aged 18 or older and with symptoms of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection and a positive urine dipstick analysis will be randomized to one of the following four groups: 2-day 3 g fosfomycin o.d., 3-day pivmecillinam 400 mg. t.i.d, 5-day nitrofurantoin 100 mg t.i.d. or a single dose of 3 g of fosfomycin. Sample: 1,000 patients. Two co-primary endpoints are considered: clinical effectiveness at day 7 and bacteriological eradication at day 14. Follow-up visits are scheduled at days 7 (phone call), 14 and 28 for assessing evolution. Urine samples will be collected in the three on-site visits and urine cultures performed.

The goal of open extremity fracture (OEF) treatment is to promote fracture healing and restore function while preventing the development of infection. This is achieved through systematic and timely wound debridement and irrigation, fracture stabilization, tetanus prophylaxis, systemic and local antimicrobial therapy, and judicious timing of wound closure based on cleanliness. Early prophylactic systemic antibiotics lower infection rates in open fractures but have limitations of achieving adequate concentration at the hypoperfused wound area. OEF wounds are frequently poor in vasculature secondary to the soft tissue injury, hence adequate concentration of antibiotic cannot permeate to the tissue at risk. If systemic antibiotic concentrations are increased to achieve minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for pathogens at the wound, there is heightened concern for systemic drug toxicity. In sharp contrast, locally administered antibiotics achieve high drug concentration directly within the wound cavity with minimal systemic side effects. Local antibiotic therapy has shown to reduce rates of open fracture wound infection. With the serious implications of postoperative infections in OEF, it is imperative that all measures including further use of prophylactic local antibiotics be considered to prevent fracture-related infection (FRI). The overarching hypothesis for this project is that a novel synergistic combination of local aqueous tobramycin plus perioperative weight-based IV cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis will reduce the rate of FRI one year after OEF surgery. This in turn will improve OEF patient outcomes, decreasing morbidity and return to the operating room (OR) without any adverse effect on fracture healing. Regardless of the treatment group, bacterial speciation will be determined for patients that do develop FRI to help guide future treatment. The goal is to improve the clinical outcome and recovery of the population that sustains an OEF by decreasing the rate of FRI and fracture nonunions while concurrently educating on bacterial speciation and resistance.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how Aztreonam (ATM) and Avibactam (AVI) are processed in pediatric participants. This study also aims to understand participant safety and effects in pediatric participants. The study is seeking participants who are: 9 months to less than 18 years of age Hospitalized Suspected/known to have a gram-negative infection Receiving intravenous (iv, given directly into a vein) antibiotics Being treated for complicated infections of various body parts that includes the abdomen, urinary tract, blood stream, and lungs. Participants will receive either ATM-AVI or best available therapy (BAT). Both therapies will be given through a vein. Participants with complicated abdominal infections will also receive iv Metronidazole (MTZ). - Participants on ATM-AVI treatment who have anaerobic infections will also receive iv MTZ at the study doctor's discretion. The iv dose of ATM-AVI will be based on the participant's weight and kidney function. The study doctor will determine the iv dose of BAT. During the first 2 study days, participants on ATM-AVI therapy will have 5 blood draws in small quantities. Starting on day 4, the study doctor will decide if participants may be switched to oral therapy. Participants will receive a maximum of 14 days of ATM-AVI treatment. After discharge from the hospital, 1 study visit may be required. Depending on the participant's response, the study duration will be from 33 to 50 days. The investigator will contact participants by phone 28 to 35 days after the last study treatment to check participants health status.

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase Ib/IIa study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of XW001 inhalation in children with RSV infection in China

The patients with Omicron infection usually have fever, respiratory symptoms, tachycardia, headache, toothache, muscle soreness, physical decline, and so on, while others are asymptomatic patients. It is urgent to find drugs to improve the long-term rehabilitation of symptomatic patients with Omicron infection and decrease the duration of viral shedding in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingke tablets in patients with Omicron infection. The duration of viral shedding and symptoms will be evaluated. 6-month follow-up will be performed to evaluate the effect of Lianhua Qingke on long-term rehabilitation of all symptoms induced by Omicron infection, as well as infection events.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most urgent health threats of our time, and Norwegian hospitals were required to reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics with 30% by the end of 2020. In the current proposal, the investigators aim to assess the efficacy and safety of early discontinuation of antibiotic therapy in adult patients infected with respiratory viruses. A general recommendation to treat all instances of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with antibiotics leads to significant antibiotic overtreatment. In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of multiple respiratory virus nucleic acids simultaneously. The wide availability of such nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) for rapid viral detection together with chest radiographs has the potential to define patients who can be managed without antibiotics. Akershus University Hospital is one of the largest hospitals in Norway, with a catchment area of more than 550,000 people. In 2012 to 2013, the majority of patients admitted to Akershus University Hospital with suspected CAP and a positive viral NAAT were treated with antibiotics, a prescription pattern representing antibiotic overtreatment. The investigators accordingly hypothesize that discontinuation of antibiotic therapy in patients with moderately severe disease and airway sample positive for respiratory viruses is safe and non-inferior to continuation of antibiotic therapy.