Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare infectious disease of the brain, provoked by the JC virus. It usually occurs in subjects with impaired immune system as during HIV infection. To date, there is no specific antiviral treatment susceptible to cure PML. But it was shown in the setting of HIV-related PML, that combination antiretroviral therapy allows a restoration of the immune system and then might stop the progression of PML. The objective of this study is to appreciate the supplementary efficiency brought by an association of more powerful antiretroviral molecules including enfuvirtide on the evolution of PML. This research program will involve 30 patients in several centres in France. All the patients who will participate will receive enfuvirtide during 6 months in association with a combination of two or more potent antiretroviral drugs. The total duration of follow-up for a patient will be of 1 year.

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of the anti-HIV drugs efavirenz and lamivudine/zidovudine given to treatment-naive HIV-infected people in Dakar, Senegal.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate antiviral activity and efficacy of entecavir (ETV) compared to adefovir in adults with chronic hepatitis B who have not been treated yet with an antiviral medicine.

- Trial to compare the efficacy of the liquid formulation of CAIV-T with TIV against culture confirmed influenza illness in children.

Use of linezolid in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Japan

Our goal is to determine if a change in therapy to one containing Kaletra can improve the immune response in patients who have previously been immune partial responders or non-responders. We also are interested in knowing if this agent improves immune response by affecting cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) + T cell death (apoptosis) or by further inhibiting (preventing) ongoing, low-level, viral replication to levels below detection by current viral load measurements. This will help us understand why immune responses to effective antiretroviral therapy are so different and help determine some possible guidelines for managing patients with poor immune responses. Hypothesis: Patients with poor immune responses to HAART who receive Kaletra in place of their current PI or Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) while continuing their current 2 NRTI backbone will have improved immune response to therapy compared to patients who continue their current regimen.

To compare the safety and the efficacy of tigecycline to vancomycin with aztreonam in treating hospitalized patients with complicated skin and/or skin structure infections.

Therapeutic options for serious fungal infections are limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance to existing antifungal agents. For example, zygomycetes (such as Mucor spp.) are intrinsically resistant to voriconazole and caspofungin. Yet, the only available therapeutic option, amphotericin, is associated with significant renal toxicity, even in lipid formulations. Posaconazole is a new antifungal drug, not yet Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, but which has excellent in vitro activity against some intrinsically resistant fungi such as the zygomycetes. The intent of this trial is to provide access to posaconazole to patients with serious fungal infections which are refractory to standard antifungal therapies or invasive fungal infections for which there are currently no effective therapies. Secondly, the drug will also be made available to patients with invasive fungal infections who: have experienced serious or severe toxicities while receiving standard antifungal therapies; have pre-existing renal dysfunction which precludes use of standard antifungal therapies; or are chronically immunosuppressed with a history of invasive fungal infections previously treated with posaconazole in other clinical trials, and who require oral antifungal suppressive therapy as maintenance treatment to prevent recurrence. This is a multicenter, open-label, non-comparative experimental treatment use protocol. The experimental treatment use protocol will provide the investigational medication posaconazole where no other drug is commercially available. Posaconazole is given as an orally or enterally administered suspension. The duration of therapy is at the discretion of the investigator. Safety assessments will include an electrocardiogram [ECG] (to ensure no QTc interval prolongation) performed at baseline and serum/urine pregnancy testing performed at baseline and every three months after initiation of therapy. Plasma concentrations will be obtained if there is evidence of clinical failure. No other tests will be performed specifically for the experimental treatment use protocol.

The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical cure rate of ceftobiprole medocaril versus a comparator in the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections. The study will also characterize the safety and tolerability of treatment with ceftobiprole medocaril in patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections.

Objectives: Primary To compare the sustained virologic response (SVR) of PEGIntron plus ribavirin among patients receiving 48 weeks versus 72 weeks of therapy (defined as undetectable HCV RNA level 24 weeks after discontinuing therapy). Secondary To evaluate the safety and tolerability PEG Intron in combination with ribavirin for treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) infection in patients co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). To determine the early virologic response of patients receiving PEGIntron plus ribavirin at Treatment Week 24 Study Design: All qualifying patients will enter the treatment phase and be dosed as follows: Peginterferon a-2b 1.5mg/kg by subcutaneous route once weekly plus Ribavirin: 800 mg (400 mg bid) if body weight < 65 kg 1000 mg (400 mg a.m. and 600 mg p.m.) if body weight > 65 kg and < 85 kg 1200 mg (600 mg bid) if body weight > 85 kg and < 105 kg 1400 mg (600 mg a.m. and 800 mg p.m.) if body weight > 105 kg At Treatment Week 24, all participants with detectable HCV-RNA will be discontinued from treatment and followed for a Post Treatment period of 24 weeks. Participants with undetectable HCV-RNA values at Treatment Week 24 will be randomized to either: Group A: an additional 24 weeks of previously assigned Peginterferon a-2b + Ribavirin therapy, for a total of 48 weeks of treatment. Group B: an additional 48 weeks of previously assigned Peginterferon a-2b + Ribavirin therapy, for a total of 72 weeks of treatment. Study Population: 300 HIV infected adults with chronic hepatitis C infection who have not been treated previously with interferon therapy. Dosage and Administration: Peginterferon a-2b 1.5mg/kg by subcutaneous route once weekly plus Ribavirin: 800 mg (400 mg bid) if body weight < 65 kg 1000 mg (400 mg a.m. and 600 mg p.m.) if body weight > 65 kg and < 85 kg 1200 mg (600 mg bid) if body weight > 85 kg and < 105 kg 1400 mg (600 mg a.m. and 800 mg p.m.) if body weight > 105 kg Efficacy Evaluations: Laboratory analysis, liver biopsies, quality of life assessments, and changes in Peginterferona-2b and Ribavirin dosages will be obtained. Safety Evaluations: Assessment of laboratory evaluations vital signs incidence and severity of adverse experiences dose adjustments premature withdrawal for safety reasons progression of disease as measured by HCV viral load AIDS defining events