Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The primary aim of this study is to determine the impact of community-based screening and treatment of abnormal vaginal flora and urinary tract infections in early pregnancy (13-19 weeks) on preterm live birth in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. Hypothesis 1: Community-based screening and treatment of abnormal vaginal flora (Nugent score >4) and urinary tract infections in early pregnancy (13-19 weeks) will reduce the population rate of preterm live birth by at least 15%. The secondary aims of this study are: To determine the impact of community-based screening and treatment of abnormal vaginal flora and urinary tract infections on the: proportion of pregnancies with outcomes occurring prior to 37 weeks (late miscarriage, preterm still birth and preterm live birth); and proportion of babies with early onset neonatal sepsis. To determine the prevalence of abnormal vaginal flora and urinary tract infections, including asymptomatic bactiuria, among pregnant women in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. To evaluate the accuracy of simple, low-cost, point of care diagnostic tests for detecting bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infections by community health workers in a rural, developing country setting.

The primary objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Phenazopyridine HCl Tablets, USP 200 mg as a short term analgesic treatment of pain upon urination associated with Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections (uUTI). The secondary exploratory objective is to evaluate safety and efficacy of Phenazopyridine HCl Tablets, USP 200 mg as a short term analgesic treatment of burning upon urination associated with uUTI.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ABT-450/r/ABT-267 with or without ABT-333 and with or without ribavirin (RBV) in adult liver or renal transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 or 4 (GT1 or GT4) infection.

Background: Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) infection is caused by a common type of bacteria in the environment. Although PNTM infection is most common in people with lung diseases, it can also affect healthy people. It can be difficult to treat, and affects parts of the body other than the lungs. For example, PNTM may affect the cilia, the hair-like structures inside the nose and lungs that help move dirt and debris out of the body. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is a measurement of how fast cilia move. People with PNTM infection have a lower CBF than healthy people. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas in the body that may affect CBF. People with PNTM infection produce lower amounts of NO in their noses than healthy people. Researchers want to see if a drug called sildenafil can increase NO production and CBF. If sildenafil can improve these measurements, it may be a useful treatment for PNTM infection. Objectives: - To study the effect of sildenafil on CBF and NO levels in people with PNTM infection. Eligibility: Individuals at least 18 years of age who have PNTM infection. Participants must be enrolled in a related National Institutes of Health study on bacterial infections. The study is Natural History, Genetics, Phenotype and Treatment of Mycobacterial Infections. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. They will also have heart and lung function tests, as well as tests of NO production in the nose. They will provide samples of sputum and cells from inside the nose. Before the first study visit, participants will collect sputum samples for 24 hours. They will bring the samples to the study visit. At the first study visit, participants will have heart and lung function tests, as well as tests of NO production in the nose. They will provide blood, urine, sputum, and nasal cell samples. They will also receive sildenafil tablets to take at home. Participants will take sildenafil tablets three times a day. The second study visit will be 7 days after the first one. The tests from the first visit will be repeated. Participants will receive more sildenafil tablets to take on the same schedule as before. The third and final study visit will be 30 days after the first one. The tests from the first visit will be repeated. Participants will stop taking sildenafil at this visit. A follow-up phone call will be made about 2 weeks after the final study visit. This call will ask questions about quality of life and any symptoms or side effects of the study.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and antiviral activity of 3 direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs; ABT-450/ritonavir/ABT-267 [ABT-450/r/ABT-267; ABT-267 also known as ombitasvir] and ABT-333 [also known as dasabuvir]) plus ribavirin (RBV) compared with telaprevir (TPV) with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV GT1) infection without cirrhosis who were previously treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV).

The primary purpose of this study is to study the safety and tolerability of a HIV drug and to evaluate a decrease of HIV-1 virus level in blood after treatments in HIV-1 infected patients

Surgical wound infections remain a serious problem despite aseptic techniques and the use of prophylactic systemic antibiotics. Such infections can occur at rates up to ~20% in high-risk patients receiving long segment instrumented spinal fusions for deformity correction and present potentially catastrophic consequences. Given this, the high cost of treatment, and a payer system unable to support such expenses, investigators must make every effort to find new cost-effective ways to prevent these complications. Increasingly surgeons have sought to address this problem by placing lyophilized Vancomycin into spinal surgery wounds immediately prior to wound closure. This method, known as "intrasite" application, is adapted from techniques used to prevent infection in joint replacement surgeries. The motivation for this practice is to maximize antibiotic concentration within the wound while minimizing systemic concentration and toxicity, (the inverse of the situation when using IV antibiotics). While the popularity of intrasite delivery has grown rapidly, this has occurred without prospective scientific evidence. Recently, three retrospective papers including nearly 2,500 treated patients, indicated that intrasite Vancomycin reduces wound infections without increasing adverse events[1-3]. However, there are no published data on the dosing or pharmacokinetics of intrasite Vancomycin, let alone prospective trials of its efficacy and safety. The investigators propose to perform the first prospective trial of intrasite Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and safety. Study objectives will include standardizing application and dosing, defining peak/trough concentrations and clearance parameters, verifying bactericidal potency, and dose selection for use in future studies. This will be accomplished by enrolling groups of patients (n=10) to receive one of three doses of intrasite lyophilized Vancomycin (3, 6 or 12 mg/cm2), prior to wound closure. Vancomycin concentrations in venous blood and wound seroma fluid will be measured at regular intervals after surgery to establish pharmacokinetic parameters. Preliminary data regarding local and systemic adverse events including wound healing, fusion rate, and toxicity will be prospectively collected. The ultimate goal of this learning-phase study is to gather sufficient information regarding application, dosing, pharmacokinetics, measurement strategies, and adverse events to prepare for a Phase III efficacy trial.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) has traditionally been offered as fecal slurry administered by enema, nasogastric tube or endoscopy. Frozen oral capsules have also shown efficacy. The potential advantage of lyophilized FMT is the relative ease of manufacturing and storage compared with fecal slurry. Sterile fecal filtrate has previously been shown to prevent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) recurrence, suggesting that live bacteria may not be needed. This study will compare lyophilized sterile fecal filtrate (LSFF) with lyophilized FMT (LFMT) in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI).

This is a study to define strategies for Nephrologists to directly supervise and apply direct acting antivirals to cure hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients. Strategies will include identification of candidate patients, application for insurance approval, specifics of direct acting antiviral therapy (Zepatier with or without ribavirin) and laboratory monitoring during and after therapy.

This is a prospective, Phase 4, open label, multi-center study of the clinical and microbiologic efficacy of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adult women.