Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical cure rate of ceftobiprole medocaril versus a comparator in the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections.

There has been considerable debate over the last 30 years about the interaction between asthma and parasitic infection. It has been suggested that at least part of the reason for the increasing prevalence of asthma in the developed world is a decrease in parasite infections resulting from improved living conditions with economic development. Our previous studies in Ethiopia suggest that hookworm infection may be particularly important in this process. To establish definitively whether parasites can protect against allergic disease, and specifically asthma, ultimately requires a randomised clinical trial of parasite infection in patients with asthma. We, the researchers at the University of Nottingham, have completed a study in normal volunteers to establish the dose of hookworms necessary to generate infection at the level shown to be protective in population surveys, and shown that infection is well tolerated. We now propose two randomised placebo-controlled double blind clinical trials. The first will test the effectiveness of hookworm infection in reducing symptoms in allergic patients with rhinitis, and will also serve to allow us to check the likely safety of hookworm infection in asthma. Assuming that the results of this study are favourable, we will then carry out a trial of hookworm infection in asthma. We will also take the opportunity during both of these studies to investigate the cellular mechanisms of the effect of hookworm infection on the immune system.

The primary objective is to assess the safety of telithromycin (HMR 3647) (20% fine granules) 1g filling sachet in children with infections (Respiratory tract infections, Dermatological infections, Otorhinolaryngological infections, Dentistry/Oral surgery infections). Secondary objectives are to assess the clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy and acceptability of telithromycin (20% fine granules) 1g filling sachet in children with infections.

This will be a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind single-center proof of concept study to evaluate the anti-EBV activity of 4 grams of valomaciclovir (2 grams BID) for 21 days in subjects with infectious mononucleosis documented to be caused by primary EBV infection. Otherwise healthy subjects (≥15 years old) referred to us with a clinical diagnosis of primary infectious mononucleosis will be screened and those with laboratory-confirmed primary EBV infection will be enrolled.

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and impact on growth of two drug treatments against intestinal worms in schoolchildren from a rural area of Guatemala. According to the World Bank, these intestinal worms are one of the top causes of childhood health problems in many areas of the developing world (The World Bank, 1993). Infected children are more likely to have inadequate nutrition due to the worm infections and are more likely to be shorter in height and weigh less than children who are not infected. After collecting height and weight information, we will split the children into two groups. One group will receive albendazole and the other group will receive combined albendazole/ivermectin. Both groups will be receiving albendazole, the current standard of care treatment. Ivermection is expected to improve efficacy and nutritional benefit as well as add increased scope of treatment for the worm Strongyloides, and ectoparasites such as scabies and head lice. Both treatment regimens and the combination have been used millions of times in the developing world and are safe to use. Co-administration of drugs would be a more efficient use of the opportunity to access schoolchildren and provide deworming treatment.

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and tolerability of cefdinir to that of cephalexin in patients with mild to moderate uncomplicated skin/skin structure infections.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two antibiotics in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis (kidney infection). A 5-day course of 750 milligrams of levofloxacin given intravenously and/or by mouth once daily will be compared to a 10-day course of 400 milligrams of ciprofloxacin given intravenously and/or 500 milligrams of ciprofloxacin given by mouth twice daily.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a major pathogen causing mainly health-care associated infections and, lately, also community acquired infections. Few treatment choices exist to treat these infections. The currently recommended antibiotics for these infections are glycopeptides (vancomycin or teicoplanin). Glycopeptide treatment hs several disadvantages. It is a last resort antibiotic family that should be reserved for the future; Vancomycin is less effective that beta-lactam drugs for SA infections susceptible to both agents; treatment can only be given intravenously; and use of vancomycin has led to the development of SA strains with partial or complete resistance to vancomycin. Cotrimoxazole is an old antibiotic active against most strains of MRSA, depending on local epidemiology. Study hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to show that cotrimoxazole is as effective as treatment with vancomycin for invasive MRSA infections. We plan a randomized controlled trial comparing treatment with cotrimoxazole vs. vancomycin for invasive MRSA infections. The primary efficacy outcome we will assess will be Improvement or cure with or without antibiotic modifications, defined as: survival at 7 days post randomization with resolution of fever (<38 for two consecutive days) and resolution of hypotension (>90 systolic without need for vasopressor support); and physician's assessment that the primary infection was improved or cured. The primary safety outcome will be all-cause 30-day survival.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically changed the consequences of an HIV infection, which is now viewed as a chronic disease. As in other chronic diseases, emotional distress and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in HIV-infected patients. Psychological factors such as these have been associated with lower quality of life, lower adherence to therapy and also with a higher risk for mortality and disease progression. Psychosocial interventions, such as group-based cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) training, have been shown to reduce distress and psychological symptoms in HIV-infected patients. These psychosocial effects are paralleled by changes in physiological parameters, such as cortisol, DHEA-S, testosterones, catecholamines, and naïve T-cell counts. While these results are congruent with recent evidence of the interaction between psychological, neuroendocrine and immunological parameters in HIV-infected patients, it needs to be shown whether the reported effects hold true in the HAART era. Most importantly, it also needs to be ascertained whether these interventions have an impact on immunological and virological HIV parameters as well as on mortality and morbidity in HIV patients. We propose a randomized controlled one-year prospective evaluation of a group-based CBSM training in 80 HIV-infected patients. Participating patients will be recruited at cooperating centers of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and randomly assigned to CBSM training or waiting control group condition. At baseline, post-training and two follow-up (6 and 12 months) assessments, effects of the CBSM on psychological, physiological and clinical out-come variables in HIV-infected patients under HAART will be evaluated. Additionally, the effects of CBSM on the neuroendocrine and autonomic stress reactivity in HIV-infected patients will be assessed, thus evaluating a possible direct pathway between emotional distress and physiological HIV-relevant parameters. In conclusion, the planned research project evaluates the effectiveness of a standardized psychosocial intervention as a possible component of a comprehensive disease management in HIV-infected patients under HAART.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether TD-1792 is safe and effective when used to treat complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.